Efeitos da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade sobre as células da gengiva de camundongos com periodontite experimental
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Data
2024-07-15
Autores
Braga, Larissa Trarbach Figueiredo
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic microorganisms that, through the presence of bacterial biofilm, alter the homeostatic environment of the periodontium and impair systemic health. The inflammatory changes hinder the host's immune response and cause degradation of the protective and supportive tissues of the teeth, which can consequently lead to tooth loss. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been studied for its potential to reduce inflammation and influence cellular processes with positive results. However, its use in conjunction with periodontal treatments remains debatable. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of LLLT on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in gingival tissue, and on systemic parameters related to inflammation and oxidative stress caused by experimental periodontitis. Methods: This experimental research was conducted on 16-week-old C57/BL6 mice, randomly divided into four groups: control (C) - no intervention; control+LLLT (C+L) - no intervention and treated with LLLT; periodontitis (P) - with ligature-induced periodontitis; periodontitis+LLLT (P+L) - with ligature-induced periodontitis and treated with LLLT. After 28 days of induction, the ligature was removed and the animals were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP), and LLLT was applied for 3 days (4 joules per session). At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized; the gingiva, mandible, and plasma were separated for analysis. In the mandible, to confirm periodontitis, we measured alveolar bone loss using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In gingival tissue, ROS levels and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. In plasma, inflammatory activity was analyzed through the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), and protein oxidation was assessed using the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) assay, both by spectrophotometry; cytokine levels were measured using flow cytometry. Results: Periodontitis was confirmed. LLLT reduced superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide levels in gingival tissue by approximately 18% and 26%, respectively. Apoptosis in gingival cells was 32% lower in LLLT-treated animals with periodontitis. Systemic inflammatory activity and protein oxidation decreased by 49.3% and 38.6%, respectively. In the P+L group, plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p70 were reduced, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased compared to the P group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this experimental model, the use of LLLT effectively regulated ROS levels and apoptosis in gingival tissue, influencing plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Palavras-chave
Terapia a laser de baixa intensidade , Estresse oxidativo , LLLT