Atributos químicos e físicos como indicadores de qualidade do solo, em tabuleiros costeiros, no norte do Espírito Santo
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Data
2012-05-25
Autores
Marinato, Fábio Altoé
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Modern agriculture must be based on the search for natural resources
sustainability as well as optimization of soil use in order to minimize environmental
degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil cover on the
physical and chemical attributes in a coastal plain area. We have studied seven
ground covers: Native secondary Atlantic Forest, Reforestation with Eucalyptus,
Native Grassland, Rubber plantation, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Reforestation with
Native Species and Black Pepper plantation. The experimental design was
completely randomized with three replications. As chemical indicators we have
quantified active acidity, Organic Matter, Capacity of Cation Exchange, Aluminum,
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, potential acidity, sum of bases, base saturation
and aluminum saturation. As physical indicators we have evaluated soil density, total
porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, pondered average diameter, geometric
average diameter and particle density. They were determined in three depths: 0-
0.05m, 0.05-0.20m and 0.20-0.40m. We also measured Saturated Hidraulic
Conductivity, with two depths (0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40) and two water column (0.05 and
0.10m), and Mechanical Resistance to Penetration at 0-0.20; 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-
0.60 depths, adopting seven repetitions for this analysis. Means were compared by
Tukey test at 5%. Another analysis was also performed with Canonical Variables and
x
Tocher group methods. For chemical indicators, in the first layer, the coverage
grouping revealed a group formed by Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber
Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black
Pepper Plantation and Natural Grassland, leaving the Native secondary Atlantic
Forest isolated. For the second layer, we there was a formation of a group of
Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Conilon Coffee plantation, Black Pepper Plantation,
Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest, leaving Rubber Plantation
and Reforestation with Native Species isolated from the others. In the third layer only
one group was formed from which Reforestation with Native Species was isolated.
Physical indicators showed four divisions in the first layer: A group formed by
Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native
Species, other group formed by Conilon Coffee and Black Pepper Plantations,
remaining in an isolated way Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic
Forest. In the second layer there was the grouping of Conilon Coffee and Black
Pepper Plantations and another group with Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber
Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Natural Grassland and Native
secondary Atlantic Forest in. Third layer appears with four divisions: Reforestation
with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species; Native
secondary Atlantic Forest and Black Pepper Plantation; and Conilon Coffe and
Natural Grassland being isolated. At the end of the study we got the following
conclusions: 1. There have been changes in the chemical and physical soils
properties as a function of their covers. 2. First layer showed to be very sensitive to
changes in terms of chemical and physical viewpoints. 3. Second layer showed
chemical quality preservation in Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black Pepper Plantation,
Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. There was also
physical quality preservation in Reforestation with Native Species, Rubber Plantation,
Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. 4. In the third layer
Reforestation with Native Species was the only coverage that failed to preserve
chemical qualities of the soil, while only Black Pepper Plantation managed to
preserve physical qualities. 5. Two different classes of soil being in the study did not
affected the final results with a possible grouping in soil classes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Degradation , Sustainability , Vegetative cover , Cobertura vegetal
Citação
MARINATO, Fábio Altoé. Atributos químicos e físicos como indicadores de qualidade do solo, em tabuleiros costeiros, no norte do Espírito Santo. 2012. 68 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura Tropical ) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, 2012.