Sistema de suporte à decisão para subsídio à otimização de localização de pontos de lançamento de efluentes, à estimativa de eficiências de tratamento e à análise de solicitações de outorga de diluição em rios
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Data
2025-12-03
Autores
Fortunato, Tatiana Candeia da Silva
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The main objective of this thesis was to develop a methodology to support decision-making related to the location of effluent discharges points, the definition of treatment efficiencies, and the analysis of respective requests for dilution permits in rivers. To this end, the QUAL-UFMG water quality model was integrated with a metaheuristic optimization technique (Genetic Algorithm) in the form of a decision support system (DSS). The system was implemented in the Python programming language, reproducing the mathematical formulations and conceptual and computational structures of the model, incorporating a database and communication interface. The interface allows for input data entry and graphical visualization of results, facilitating the analysis of the most suitable locations for effluent disposal, considering the hydraulic characteristics, self purification capacity, and classification classes of the water bodies under consideration. Additionally, two optimization models with distinct objectives were integrated into the system: (i) minimizing the sum of treatment efficiencies and (ii) minimizing inequality between effluent discharges, aiming to meet water quality standards for dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) standards. The main reach of the Pardo River was selected for the application of the system, located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Based on hydrological and water quality information from this basin, three fictitious scenarios were defined, considering different framing classes, and the responses for each simulated scenario were evaluated. Based on the set of solutions obtained in the Pareto front for each simulated scenario, the relevance and applicability of the developed system are highlighted as a support tool for decisions related to the appropriate siting of effluent discharge points, compliance with water quality standards, determination of dilution flows, identification of the minimum total treatment efficiency, and equity among discharges, associated with the objective functions employed.
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Descarga de efluentes , Rios , Outorgas de água , Algoritmo genético , Frente de Pareto