Fertirrigação do cafeeiro conilon: produtividade e atributos químicos do solo
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Data
2023-03-01
Autores
Ribeiro, Wilian Rodrigues
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Increasing efficiency in the use of water and inputs are among the main challenges for the development of more productive and ecologically sustainable agricultural systems. For this, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil chemical attributes and productivity of conilon coffee trees submitted to different doses of fertilization and forms of fertilizer application, seeking to generate knowledge bases for directing recommendations considering the current model of cultivation. The experiment was installed in a Coffea canephora crop located in the municipality of Muniz Freire, in the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo, at an altitude of 550 m. The study was carried out in a 2 x 4 split-plot design, adopting in the plots the fertilizer application form factor in two levels (Fertirrigated and Conventional), the fertilizer dose factor with N and K2O in four levels (NK50 = 50 %; NK100 = 100%; NK200 = 200% and NK300 = 300% of the recommended dose for an expected productivity of 75 sc ha1 ), conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. In the first chapter, a literature review addressed the contributions of agricultural sciences to the improvement of conilon coffee cultivation techniques. In the second, the effects of treatments on coffee productivity and its relationship with the electrical conductivity of the soil solution were analyzed. In the third, changes in soil chemical attributes due to the effects of treatments were investigated. As a result, it was found that the productivity of fertirrigated plots were statistically higher for the same dose when compared to conventional plots. Under fertigation, productivity increases were also observed as a function of the doses, obtaining 73.65; 108.55; 147.64 and 141.41 sc ha-1 respectively for NK50, NK100, NK200 and NK300. The maximum productivity was 150.11 sc ha-1 at the dose of 236.5% in fertigation, however, the plots conducted with conventional fertilization did not show statistical significance from the dose of 100%. Considering only the standard dose (NK100), the fertirrigated plots showed productivity 44.73% higher than the expected value and described in the Espírito Santo recommendation manual, which would allow a reduction of up to 30% in NK doses in fertigated systems. However, in the evaluation of soil attributes, the fertirrigated plots tended to progressive soil acidification and reduction in the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, SB, V% and (t) due to the increase in fertilizer doses. This result was associated with the intensification of the use of urea and the greater absorption of nutrients.
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Coffea canephora , Nutrição mineral de plantas , Fertilidade do solo , Adubação