Suicídio no estado do Espírito Santo: Um estudo ecológico e de geoprocessamento
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Data
2024-03-08
Autores
Andrade, Laerson da Silva de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: Suicide as death caused by self-inflicted, conscious and premeditated injury. It is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, being a critical public health problem. It is noteworthy that the social impacts of suicide are evidenced by the mental suffering of bereaved family members and high rates of years of life lost due to death. It is estimated that, in 2019, there were around 700,000 deaths worldwide (1.3%). Among young people aged 15 to 29, suicide was the fourth cause of death, surpassed only by traffic accidents, tuberculosis and interpersonal violence. For women and men, respectively, suicide was the third and fourth leading causes of death. Its magnitude and impacts highlight the need for integrated actions that minimize the effects of this problem on populations. Objectives: To analyze the spatial distribution of suicide mortality in the state of Espírito Santo, in the periods 2002 - 2010 and 2011 - 2019. Thus, the specific objectives are: 1) to analyze the quality of SIM data on suicide deaths in the state of Espírito Santo; 2) Analyze the spatial trend of suicide mortality in the state of Espírito Santo and 3) Analyze the spatial trend of socioeconomic variables in the municipalities of Espírito Santo, in the periods. Methods: This is an ecological study with spatial data on suicide mortality and socioeconomic factors. It has an analytical and descriptive character, in which the units of analysis are the municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo. The study included deaths by suicide registered in the Mortality Information System of the Unified Health System (SIM) reported according to the underlying cause of death coded between X60 and X84, according to the 10th International Classification of Diseases. For data analysis, the crude suicide mortality rate per 100 thousand inhabitants was calculated. The populations used as denominators were the estimates of population projections made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The socioeconomic factors used as independent variables to verify the spatial dependence relationship associated with suicide were: Average coverage of Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) per 100 thousand inhabitants, Average health expenditure per inhabitant defined by Constitutional Amendment nº 29, average GDP per capita, Average annual GDP growth, Average nominal salary, Average ratio between hired and dismissed, Average proportion of rural properties and Average ruralization rate. Global Moran's I was used to test the hypothesis of the existence of spatial autocorrelation and spatial dependence between suicide mortality and socioeconomic factors. Results: A spatial cluster of high Average Gross Suicide Mortality Rates is evident, involving municipalities in the Caparaó, Central Serrana, Southwest Serrana and Central Sul microregions. In the period, 2002–2010, the average CAPS Coverage per 100 thousand inhabitants, Average GDP per capita, Average GDP per capita growth, Average nominal salary, Average proportion of rural properties and Average ruralization rate were able to generate spatial clusters associated with suicide mortality. In the period 2011–2019, the variables that have spatial dependence associated with suicide are the Average proportion of rural properties and Average ruralization rate. Conclusions: The spatial pattern of suicide mortality in the study, over time, suggests an association with socioeconomic factors, however, the characteristics that reflect the degree of ruralization of the municipality remained significant during the study periods. These results can direct resources to preventing and promoting suicide in rural territories.
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Análise Espacial , suicídio , fatores socioeconômicos , estudos ecológicos