Fotossíntese e produção da batata yacon cultivada em ambiente protegido sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas
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Data
2023-03-17
Autores
Mendes, Tiago Pacheco
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) has been undergoing a process of appreciation by the consumer market, as it is considered a functional food, due to its high nutritional value and, mainly, its contents of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), compounds that offer benefits to the human health. However, the success of the agricultural cultivation of an innovative species will depend on the generation of information that will support the planning of techniques for its management, among them the knowledge of the water needs of the species. In this sense, the objective of this study was to know the growth, development and production of yacon, from different levels of water availability in the soil. For this, a study was carried out consisting of two experiments in two crop cycles, in which the first experiment worked with a greater range of water availability in the soil, seeking to understand the effects of the most significant changes in water availability on development from yacon. In the second experiment, we worked with a smaller range of water availability in the soil, seeking a more refined understanding of the effects of water availability on the crop. Both experiments were carried out in 25-liter pots filled with soil material collected at a depth of 0.0 to 30.0 cm and placed in a greenhouse with an “umbrella” effect. Assessments of gas exchange were performed to estimate the photosynthetic variables, the Dualex indices of chlorophyll, nitrogen balance, anthocyanin and flavonoids were also measured. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of leaves, stems, rhizophores, roots and tuberous roots, total commercial root production and by classes, water consumption and water use efficiency were also evaluated. Yacon produced 16.05% less for every 10 kPa increase in soil water tension. The maximum photosynthetic rate (29.276 µmol CO2 m-2 s -1 ) was observed in the highest tested water availability (20 kPa). The highest water demand presented was at the chronological age of 160 days after planting, regardless of water availability. The highest efficiency in water use was observed with the tension level of 30 kPa, with an estimated consumption of 841.4 mm of water during the cycle.
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Palavras-chave
Smallanthus sonchifolius , Alimento funcional , Déficit hídrico , Manejo de irrigação , Eficiência no uso da água