Uma proposta de sequência didática para explicar como ocorre o fluxo de elétrons no interior de um fio condutor
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Data
2021-03-31
Autores
Silva, Paulo Roberto Ferreira da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This work is an action research through which a teaching proposal was investigated about the concept of electric current and its application in simple electrical circuits. According to the knowledge matrix per trimester for regular high school in the State Education Network, these contents are scheduled to be taught in the 2nd trimester of the 3rd year of high school. In general, students and teachers consider these subjects difficult, but necessary, because they are constituent parts of the National High School Exam (ENEM) and of the Evaluation Program of Basic Education of Espírito Santo (PAEBES). Moreover, it is observed that many of the terms used to conceptualize the physical quantities in electrical "phenomena" are known by students and used in everyday language of common sense. On the other hand, several papers published in the literature have shown that students have difficulty abandoning their spontaneous conceptions about the subject. In this paper, we propose the development of a sequence of lessons for teaching electric current, using as a central instrument an apparatus known as the Spiral Marble Machine. As a theoretical reference, we will use Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning. In the first stage of the work, we applied a diagnostic test divided into two stages and, considering the difficulty and complexity involved in the elaboration of a diagnostic test, for the objective questions we chose to use the test developed by Silveira and collaborators and that was reapplied by Andrade and collaborators. Based on the results obtained in the pre-test, we prepared some instructional materials and applied them to two 3rd grade high school classes, totaling 57 students. We chose to develop a series of classes in which it will be possible to correct observed difficulties and, at the same time, introduce physical concepts related to electric current. We used the apparatus known as the Spiral Marble Machine, basically such apparatus is designed to move a ball from the bottom of a maze to the top. For people who prefer to physically interact with the apparatus, they can operate it manually, by means of a crank, rubber band, shooting rod, or other methods. We chose the Spiral Marble Machine because it allows an analogy regarding the passage of electrons inside a conducting wire. Conceptually, high school students, in physics classes, believe that electrons move at the speed of light, when in fact this movement is described by a quantum jump, also called an electronic atomic transition. In the last stage we applied a post-test, consisting of questions similar to the pre-test, but with a greater level of depth. The comparison between the results of the pre and post test indicated an increase in the average of the classes, and through a statistical test we can verify that this difference can be attributed to the didactic sequence used. In general, we can say that the sequence of classes and the instruments used present indications of being potentially significant.
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Corrente elétrica , circuito elétrico simples , Spiral Marble Machine , material instrucional , aprendizagem significativa