Efeitos da fragmentação florestal sobre a riqueza de aves insetívoras em Santa Maria de Jetibá, região centro-serrana do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil
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Data
2006-08-14
Autores
Vieira, Luciano Azevedo
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The conservation of the biodiversity in landscapes intensively cultivated has the habitat degradation as the main limiting factor to species survival. The structure of forest remnants influences the biological phenomenon, resulting in damages to the local diversity. Insectivore birds have a close relation to the forest habitat making them very susceptive to fragmentation. The present work intents to study the possible factors involved in the occurrence of birds of four families of Passeriformes (Thamnophilidae, Conopophagidae, Grallaridae and Formicariidae) in 17 private forest fragments in Santa Maria de Jetibá, mountainous region of Espirito Santo State. For this purpose, we analyzed the bird collection of the Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão and the literature, resulting in a list of 22 potential species for the region. The studied areas were chosen according to the geographic referenced images seen in the Arcview 9.5 (ESRI) program. The field work was developed with the help of playback (pre recorded vocalizations) and observation with binoculars, during the breeding period, between September 2004 and March 2005. Each forest fragment was surveyed three times, always early in the morning. In the analysis we used simple linear feedback ANOVA, Fisher´s exact text, and Jaccard index to check the relation between the number of species and the variables that explain habitat loss. We found 16 from the 22 analyzed species in the areas we studied. The similarity between the birds found in the studied areas may be related to the small variation of the size of the fragments, as well as to the proximity between them and the existence of connectivity. The absence of some species may be associated to the loss of specific habitats, like bottom of valleys. However, the landscape model of Santa Maria de Jetibá, where most of the forest fragments have a level of connectivity, may be contributing to the migration of specialist species between the areas. Actions as the incentive of forest restoration to link isolated forest fragments are encouraged here
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Aves , Paisagens fragmentadas , Biodiversidade , Mata Atlântica , Conservação , Fauna silvestre , Fragmentação , Guildas , Insetívoros , Mata Atlântica , Guilds , Fragmentation , Habitat , Insectivorous , Atlantic rain forest , Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES)