“O GLORIOSO ATO DE 13 DE MAIO”: ESCRAVIDÃO E LIBERDADE NA COMUNIDADE REMANESCENTE DE QUILOMBO DE MONTE ALEGRE, CACHOEIRO DE ITAPEMIRIM-ES (1885-2019)
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Data
2021-12-10
Autores
Ribeiro, Geisa Lourenço
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This doctoral dissertation aims to analyze the last years of slavery and the postabolition period in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, a county with the highest concentration of slaves in Espírito Santo in that time. The focus of the study turned to the constituent elements of a black community, such as the land occupation, the perpetuation of the interdependence bonds, responsibility and solidarity forged in the captivity time, as well as the memory of slavery and the abolition of the community. The sources are mainly composed by two sets. The first is formed by O Cachoeirano and O Constitucional journals, that were examined according to content analysis. The second set consists of Oral History interviews, which were carried out with members of the Remnant Community of Monte Alegre in 2019. Other sources were used in a complementary way, such as post-mortem inventories, censuses and legislation. The analysis of journals in the period of the slavery system disruption demonstrated the strength of slavery in the region, which kept control over the enslaved population until its definitive abolition, despite of the growing turmoil. The attachment to the institution was revealed in the attempt to control the freed slaves and their descendants in the post-abolition period, whereas negative stereotypes were created based on their resistance. The discourse about the disorganization of work, the basis for the European immigration defense, was constant, although it was contradicted by the evidence from the journal itself. The central concern with the defense of large crops led to the dispute of narratives about the 13th of May, prevailing in one of the newspapers the association of the law with a “coup” in the crops. It was found that the family bonds built during slavery were fundamental for the social insertion of the ancestors of the Monte Alegre Community in the free world and for their permanence and union until present days. It was also evidenced that the preservation of the genealogical memory of slavery and abolition constitutes the basis for the quilombola identity’s affirmation (under construction) and for the celebration of the 13th of May as a fundamental event in its history. The dialogue between the two sets of sources, by illuminating different versions of the same objects, expanded knowledge about slavery, abolition and postabolition in Espírito Santo.
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Escravidão , abolição , pós-abolição , história oral , quilombola