Abordagem BIM-BEM-LCA: análise da interoperabilidade de software BIM para análise de desempenho termoenergético e da emissão de carbono no ciclo de vida de edificações
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Data
2025-02-19
Autores
Wolkart, Isabella Cardoso
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly, rising from 325 ppm (parts per million) in 1958 to 420 ppm in 2022 (IPCC, 2023). The civil construction industry and buildings bear significant responsibility for this increase, as indicated by data provided by UNEP (2024), it is estimated that the sector accounts for 37% of global CO2 emissions. To mitigate the impacts of this sector on the environment, it is important to incorporate principles of sustainability, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and analysis of the embodied carbon in materials into the building design process. Thus, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology proves to be fundamental, especially in the 6D dimension (sustainability), responsible for analyzing thermoenergetic performance, and in the 7D dimension (life cycle management), responsible for quantifying and managing materials throughout the building's lifecycle. Therefore, this study aims to propose and evaluate the applicability of an integrated BIM method for analyzing thermoenergetic performance and carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. The Integrated BIM-BEM-LCA Method was compared with the Conventional Method through a case study of an office building. The Integrated Method consists of thermoenergetic analysis using the Análise de Sistemas tool, which incorporates EnergyPlus®, and for LCA, it employs the One Click LCA® plugin. On the other hand, the proposed Conventional Method uses EnergyPlus® for thermoenergetic simulation and, for LCA, compares the results based on the Sidac database and SimaPro® for embodied emissions and INI-C for operational emissions. As a result, the proposed Integrated Method, as a data exchange, worked fully, demonstrating good interoperability. Regarding the generated data, the method proved applicable for indicating the PBE Edifica label and carbon emissions in the life cycle of buildings, aiding decision-making during the design process. However, the System Analysis tool only performs an ideal thermal load analysis and does not account for the latent, radiant, and lost fractions of equipment or the return, radiant, and visible fractions of luminaires, converting all heat generated by lighting and equipment into convective heat, which increases the thermal load of the air conditioning system (in this case study, the increase was 16%). The embodied emissions fell between the minimum and maximum values in Sidac and showed a result 21.69% lower than that of SimaPro®. The subcategory with the greatest difference was C4 (final waste disposal), which was 138.43% higher in SimaPro® than in One Click LCA®. However, this subcategory had little relevance in the overall context of the analysis, accounting for less than 1% of total emissions.
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Consumo de energia , Carbono incorporado , Impacto ambiental