Mestrado em Engenharia Civil

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    Abordagem BIM-BEM-LCA: análise da interoperabilidade de software BIM para análise de desempenho termoenergético e da emissão de carbono no ciclo de vida de edificações
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-19) Wolkart, Isabella Cardoso; Jesus, Luciana Aparecida Netto de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-2782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111947062667117; https://orcid.org/0000-0004-9550-9025; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324089904127859; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; Nico-Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-1723; Lamberts, Roberto; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-671X
    Since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly, rising from 325 ppm (parts per million) in 1958 to 420 ppm in 2022 (IPCC, 2023). The civil construction industry and buildings bear significant responsibility for this increase, as indicated by data provided by UNEP (2024), it is estimated that the sector accounts for 37% of global CO2 emissions. To mitigate the impacts of this sector on the environment, it is important to incorporate principles of sustainability, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and analysis of the embodied carbon in materials into the building design process. Thus, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology proves to be fundamental, especially in the 6D dimension (sustainability), responsible for analyzing thermoenergetic performance, and in the 7D dimension (life cycle management), responsible for quantifying and managing materials throughout the building's lifecycle. Therefore, this study aims to propose and evaluate the applicability of an integrated BIM method for analyzing thermoenergetic performance and carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. The Integrated BIM-BEM-LCA Method was compared with the Conventional Method through a case study of an office building. The Integrated Method consists of thermoenergetic analysis using the Análise de Sistemas tool, which incorporates EnergyPlus®, and for LCA, it employs the One Click LCA® plugin. On the other hand, the proposed Conventional Method uses EnergyPlus® for thermoenergetic simulation and, for LCA, compares the results based on the Sidac database and SimaPro® for embodied emissions and INI-C for operational emissions. As a result, the proposed Integrated Method, as a data exchange, worked fully, demonstrating good interoperability. Regarding the generated data, the method proved applicable for indicating the PBE Edifica label and carbon emissions in the life cycle of buildings, aiding decision-making during the design process. However, the System Analysis tool only performs an ideal thermal load analysis and does not account for the latent, radiant, and lost fractions of equipment or the return, radiant, and visible fractions of luminaires, converting all heat generated by lighting and equipment into convective heat, which increases the thermal load of the air conditioning system (in this case study, the increase was 16%). The embodied emissions fell between the minimum and maximum values in Sidac and showed a result 21.69% lower than that of SimaPro®. The subcategory with the greatest difference was C4 (final waste disposal), which was 138.43% higher in SimaPro® than in One Click LCA®. However, this subcategory had little relevance in the overall context of the analysis, accounting for less than 1% of total emissions.
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    Uso de coproduto siderúrgico do tipo pó proveniente do sistema de captura de particulados de escória de dessulfuração KR e cimento Portland para estabilização de solos orgânicos de baixa consistência
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-18) Nunes, Nathália Lemos; Pilar, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6669573444640365; Pires, Patrício José Moreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9894-4977; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0197867910059642; Matos, Paulo Ricardo de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-1356; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5122029972816767; Araruna Júnior, José Tavares ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-1765; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8400492266306446
    Research has been exploring alternatives to Portland cement to improve low consistency soils, aiming not only to stabilize the soils but also to offer environmental and economic benefits, such as the indirect reduction of CO¢ emissions. This study investigates the cementation of a soft organic soil by evaluating different cementing agents and curing periods, focusing on physical, mechanical, and chemical parameters. The analyzed soil is a low-consistency clay with 49% organic matter, collected in the northern region of EspÌrito Santo, Brazil. The cementing agents used were high early strength Portland cement and a steelmaking by-product, captured by a particulate dust collection system from KR slag, referred to as
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    Avaliação do ciclo de vida de concretos geopoliméricos : estudo comparativo
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-24) Almeida, Rafael Saaid Meyrelles; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-4784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7423-9848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pinho, Giusilene Costa de Souza ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-7092; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Araújo, Georgia Serafim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-6334; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    It is common knowledge that the construction industry is responsible for a significant portion of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. If the construction industry were a country, it would rank third among the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitters. The production of concrete, which is the second most used material in the world, is responsible for most of the greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. The aim of this research is to present an alternative with superior environmental performance to conventional concrete (CC), considering that the construction sector is very influential in the economic area, generating employment and income for various workers of different levels of qualification. To obtain a detailed and quantified diagnosis of the environmental impacts generated by the production of concrete, it is necessary to use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a holistic methodology that studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts, direct and indirect, throughout the life of a product. This study consists of conducting a comparative LCA between CC and Geopolymer Concretes (GC), which do not use cement in their composition, with their production in 5 concrete plants, located in the cities of Serra (ES), Porto Alegre (RS), Brasília (DF), Recife (PE) and Belém (PA). These cities were chosen to have a representation of all Brazilian regions: south, southeast, northeast, midwest and north. The GC demonstrated superior environmental performance to the CC in most of the evaluated
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    Estudo do comportamento mecânico de solos residuais de arenitos da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, para emprego em pavimentação ferroviária
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-28) Cardoso, Lívia Mattedi; Pires, Patricio José Moreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5676-0754; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9418575232991771; Teixeira, Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-4218; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8494517346511042; Ribeiro, Wagner Nahas ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-9093; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1143022421703767
    Soils and aggregates are the main materials used in paving activities. Therefore, it is important to study the materials available in the project implementation region to economize on costs related to material transportation and the exploitation of new quarries. The selection of materials to compose the layers of railway pavement, according to current normative recommendations, is still based on traditional classification criteria, such as the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), which does not reflect the reality of Brazilian conditions, as it was conceived from the study of temperate climate soils. Tropical soils, typical of Brazil, undergo a weathering process that provides notable properties from a pavement engineering perspective, highlighted by their satisfactory mechanical resistance and low expansibility. The mechanistic approach to pavement design allows for a detailed analysis of the mechanical behavior of each layer of the pavement structure, enabling the assessment of stress and strain states based on Resilient Modulus values. However, due to the significant geotechnical variability of Brazilian soils, obtaining this parameter through specific laboratory tests is limited by cost issues, often necessitating the use of simpler and more economical tests, such as physical characterization tests. Since the use of traditional classification criteria can result in the constant rejection of materials that would be suitable from a mechanistic standpoint, a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of these soils is necessary. Thus, this study aims to analyze the resilient behavior of tropical soils to develop a predictive model for the Resilient Modulus from physical characterization tests, such as grain size distribution, consistency limits, and compaction. The relevance of this effort is highlighted by the high cost of tests to obtain the Resilient Modulus, justifying the need to seek correlations to estimate it, especially during the preliminary design phase, aiming to optimize costs and resources. Additionally, this work explores the possibility of using materials that, although not meeting the criteria of current traditional classifications, still present mechanical qualities suitable for application in railway pavements. To achieve the proposed objectives, 74 physical characterization tests, Resilient Modulus tests, and classification tests of tropical soils were analyzed in samples collected in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto – SP, belonging to the geological unit of the Paraná Sedimentary Basin. The results of the statistical analyses indicated good adherence between the Resilient Modulus tests and the physical characterization of lateritic soils
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    Otimização de estruturas treliçadas considerando análise não linear e carregamento dinâmico
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-03) Domingues, Bárbara Scardini; Rodrigues, Marcos Antonio Campos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-5820; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6963345955441105; Alves, Élcio Cassimiro ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-2645; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6509450210637509; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-736X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812214517235259; Dias, João Victor Fragoso ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-1519; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0090215976146284; Medeiros, Guilherme Fleith de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-824X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0811357090167648
    Structural optimization techniques help designers to develop economical projects more efficiently, in addition to automating the design process. Some large-scale truss structures may present dynamic loading, large displacements, and material plastification, requiring a nonlinear analysis. Therefore, this work aims to optimize truss structures considering geometric and material nonlinear behavior when subjected to dynamic loading. Thus, it was necessary to determine the cross-sectional area of the bars that minimizes the total mass of the structure, imposing constraints on nodal displacements, axial stresses, and axial compression force. For the optimization problem, a computational program was developed on the Matlab platform using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA), a native Matlab tool to verify the results. The geometric and material nonlinear dynamic analysis procedure was performed using the Ansys software, with the Newmark method coupled with the Newton-Raphson method. Examples of plane and spatial trusses subjected to different types of dynamic loading were solved using the developed computational program and validated by comparison with solutions present in the literature. The results indicated that the effect of nonlinearities on the optimized structures is particular to each case, PSO was the algorithm that shown best performance and robustness and the damping effect led to a reduction in the final mass