Crenças e atitudes sobre atendimentos em grupo na Atenção Básica à Saúde, no município de Vitória-ES.
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Velez, Yushiara Emily Vargas
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The aim of this thesis was to explore the attitudes and beliefs about group health in Primary Health Care constructed by participating users and those who do not participate in a group, and the possible significant associations between beliefs and attitudes and participation conditions. Three studies were performed, which allowed, for the thesis as a whole, the adoption of a mixed method with approach of methodological triangulation. The first two studies were done according to the qualitative approach and the third, quantitative. The first study presents the results obtained through semi-structured interviews with twenty users of both sexes who participated in group, analyzed through the Thematic Content Analysis. 54 themes and 4 categories emerged: 1) Perceptions about characteristics and functions of health group services; 2) Perceptions about results of the health group services; 3) Perceptions about difficulties related to health group services; and 4) Senses attributed to the health group services by family members, according to users. It was observed that the health practices, in the health group services, according to the users' beliefs and attitudes, are still centered on the traditional biomedical paradigm and the unilateral transmission of information, putting the professionals as only bearers of legitimate knowledge. The second study presented results obtained through semi-structured interviews with twenty users of both sexes who did not participate in a group, analyzed through the Thematic Content Analysis. Seventy themes and four categories were identified: 1) Beliefs about characteristics and functions of the health group services; 2) Beliefs about the conditions to participate in the health group services; 3) Beliefs about the negative aspects of the health group services and 4) Beliefs about the relationships between the health group services and the health system. It was observed that the users classified the groups as informative, as spaces to create bonds of friendship, of companionship, as space to generate income and work. Reported that the groups are destined for a specific public, with some disease, for poor communities and unemployed people; that to participate in these groups, they would need an invitation or present some specific problem of health. The groups were seen as "lessons." Discusses that these beliefs can be obstacles to the implementation of the health group services on Primary Health Care. The third study presents results obtained through a questionnaire based on a Likert-type scale with 187 users of both sexes, the data obtained were tabulated and processed using the SPSS software and the relations among the variables were identified with t test independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. It was verified that the attitudes towards the groups were positive, that the users that participate of the groups manifest interest of continuing participating in the groups, which is not the case of those who do not participate. The latter group has shown itself less to disagree with negative attitudes and to adopt beliefs that can arise as obstacles for groups. The results reinforce the need to work with inadequate beliefs and the perception of difficulties in order to increase the chance of participation and the pertinence of the groups to Primary Health Care
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Atenção Básica à Saúde , Crenças , Atitudes , Atendimento grupal , Beliefs , Attitudes , Health group services , Primary Health Care , Unified Health System