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- ItemPopulation genomics and plhylogeography of Euterpe edulis(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-17) Almeida, Francine Alves Nogueira de; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; https://orcid.org/0000000216339477; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0529299362045471; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4757007266777881; Zucchi, Maria Imaculada; Vieira, Lucas Donizetti; Bacon, Christine DorothyThe Atlantic Forest is one of the five priority global biodiversity hotspots for conservation. Along its distribution, the vegetation presents different characteristics due to biogeographic variation. The palm Euterpe edulis Mart., popularly known as Juçara, is a key species in this biome, with an important ecological role. It is a highly valued food source and is used for a variety of purposes, including the production of juice, jelly, and cosmetics. Knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure are important for the management and conservation of this species and explain the diversity pattern in Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Therefore, this work intends to understand the evolutionary and historical processes that led to genetic diversity and the genetic pattern of current distribution of species in this biome. For this purpose, three types of molecular markers (SNP, Silico-DarT and SSR) were evaluated to estimate the diversity and genetic structure of E. edulis populations collected along the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Making it possible to choose the marker that would best answer our questions. Then, species distribution models over the last 130,000 years were used to correlate seven biogeographical variables, related to temperature and precipitation, with genetic differentiation between populations and species distribution. Thus, it was possible to test whether there is influence of adaptive selection, geographical distance, and climatic stability on the genetic pattern of Euterpe edulis populations. Our results suggest that SNP and Silico- DArT markers are effective for assessing population structure, but SSR are better able to detect diversity between samples. We show that in addition to genetic drift, natural selection is also acting on the population structure of E. edulis. Additionally, several SNPs with selection signals were observed in genes associated with constitutive and adaptive traits. Ecological niche models show a decline in areas suitable for E. edulis over the last 130,000 years and that the current pattern of genetic diversity of E. edulis is a result of geographic distance between populations and little related to resistance isolation. In conclusion, this study is very relevant for E. edulis conservation programs and evolutionary studies of other species that occur in the Atlantic Forest.
- ItemAvaliação dos transtornos depressivos na atenção primária à saúde: performance, percepção e conhecimento dos médicos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-31) Bruzeguini, Meirielli Vieira; Viana, Maria Carmen Moldes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4338126917250074; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4338126917250074; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-9537; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8569488273561796; Fontenelle, Leonardo Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-433X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9234772336296638; Pang, Wang Yuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-8312; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9846549859258950; Fortes, Sandra Lucia Correia Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8632178826165568; Dalla, Marcello Dala BernardinaDepressive disorders (TDs) are highly prevalent in all populations and often lead affected individuals to seek medical care. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a key role as gate-access to health services, having an important function in the coordination and integration of mental health services. The objectives of this study were to carry out a review of the instruments more frequently used to identify and diagnose TDs, to evaluate the performance of the screening instrument K6 in the detection of psychological distress in the general population, and to investigate the perceptions and knowledge of general medical doctors about screening tools and mental health care in patients with TDs. Three original articles were produced. In the first article, we conducted an integrative review of the main instruments used in PHC to identify and diagnose TDs, describing 22 different instruments and their specific characteristics. In the second article, we demonstrated that K6 has good performance in identifying mood disorders, with high specificity and sensitivity (88.8% and 80.2%, respectively). In the third article, we analyzed the perceptions and knowledge of general medical doctors about the use of screening instruments in PHC and found that most physicians are unaware of such tools, and also, face a scenario of work overload and challenges in the mental health care network, which makes it difficult to implement new practices. PHC plays a strategic role in the identification, diagnosis, and early treatment of mental disorders, especially depressive disorders, due to their high prevalence. However, it is necessary to integrate improvements in the quality of care by reorganizing work processes, strengthening the care network, and training professionals in the identification and treatment of depressive disorders, as well as other common mental health in the general population.
- ItemComunicação verbal e não-verbal: um olhar sobre as expressões faciais de emoção em tradutores intérpretes de língua de sinais-português(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-25) Guilherme, Rafael Silva; Tokumaru, Rosana Suemi; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-4114; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4294698135718928; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-1929; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3858305541884141; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4339-2975; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5351297661579846; Ferrari, Ana Carolina Machado; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-2799; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3733548420359886; Santos, Hadassa Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-3425; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2476840946366296Facial expressions of emotion (FEE) such as joy, sadness, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, and the neutral face (Ekman & Friesen, 1976) can be characterized as part of nonverbal communication. They are spontaneous, universal, non-symbolic expressions produced and recognized by individuals who communicate through both oral and sign languages (LS). These expressions form part of the grammar of LS and are considered Non-Manual Markers. The Sign Language and Portuguese Interpreter - TILSP is the professional who communicates through LS. In their formal training, TILSPs learn specific language competencies and skills, and learning and training in facial expressions are necessary for their development in the interpretation and translation process. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the influence of learning and experience with sign language on the recognition and display of facial expressions of emotion by sign language interpreters. Four independent studies were proposed. The first article conducted a scoping review of studies on FEE and LS. The results indicate that most studies were conducted with deaf signers compared to individuals without knowledge of sign language, and no significant differences were found between the groups. The second article investigated whether learning sign language could influence the recognition of FEE in TILSPs using digital avatar images with human faces. The results suggest that professionals did not show better accuracy in recognizing FEE. However, as expected, images with male faces and higher intensity were statistically more recognized than those with lower intensity and female faces. In the third article, the same method used in the previous study was replicated, but static (photographs) and dynamic (videos) images were added. This study investigated whether learning sign language could influence the recognition of FEE. The results suggest that professionals performed better in various facial recognition tasks, being faster and reporting fewer difficulties. Regarding stimuli, images with the avatar's face were more recognized than others. The fourth study aimed to investigate the influence of learning or experience in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) on the production of FEE in sign language interpreters. The results indicate that, overall, learning sign language did not have a significant impact on the production of emotions. The studies presented allow us to understand that learning sign language can indeed influence the recognition of FEE in hearing individuals studying or working in sign language translation and interpretation. However, this recognition may not occur for all emotions. On the other hand, in relation to the production of FEE, our findings do not support the same influence. The results of this thesis can contribute to the training of TILSPs, including studies on FEE, and encourage future research in the field, expanding discussions on emotional expressions in sign language communication.
- ItemVivências diante do desligamento institucional compulsório: a perspectiva de adolescentes na iminência da maioridade(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-04-26) Araujo, Ivy Campista Campanha de; Avellar, Luziane Zacche; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-2174; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8948015493681619; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-8435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6182636311267563; Reis, Luciana Bicalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-7514; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1123204627616911; Nascimento, Célia Regina Rangel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-0715; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8991787572306530; Hueb, Martha Franco Diniz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-0349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7017340852463219; Comin, Fabio ScorsoliniAccording to the regulatory frameworks in the scope of the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System, the host institution for children and adolescents is configured as a moment of transitory support. However, some adolescents do not return home, nor are they adopted, often resulting in institutionalization until age of majority. This is the scenario in which the experience compulsory institutional disconnected by age of majority occurs. Based on the adolescents' reports, the aim of this study was to understand the experiences of adolescents on the verge of compulsory institutional disconnected, using Winnicott's Theory of Human Maturity (TAHW) as a guideline for understanding the phenomenon in question. This is a qualitative research based on a multiple case study. The method consisted in the application of the instruments: semi-structured Interviews, Field Diary and the Life Line technique, which were carried out with to six adolescents in host institution, totaling twenty-five interviews, carried out through sixteen insertions in the field. The analysis of the results showed that the participants mobilized more to talk about the losses and gains of living in an institution, than the institutional disconnection, demonstrating emotional health in wanting to live the immaturity inherent in being an adolescent towards integration. The participants heard at all stages of the research, despite the ambiguities present in their reports, considered the institution as a space in which they found a good enough environment. It was also observed that the adolescents did not feel supported by any other public policy, in addition to those they had access to through the institution. It is concluded that the research made it possible to expand information about adolescents in institutional care and the expectations and anxieties related to the process of compulsorily leaving the institution. It was also highlighted that support and support policies for adolescents and the Institutional Reception Service could help to experience the challenges presented by adolescents.
- ItemPrescrição farmacêutica no município de Vitória-ES: um estudo avaliativo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-08) Ramos, Diego Carneiro; Esposti, Carolina Dutra Degli; https://orcid.org/0000000181027771; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465412734380334; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-3259; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2065534697724198; Castro, Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-7216; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5793929244314712; Pereira, Mariana Linhares; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-2789; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451495634201582; Neto, Edson Theodoro dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000273517719; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5430137427291413; Rocha, Kerilin Stancine Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000223132140; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4216594263272412Introduction: The improvement and expansion of the roles of health professionals are considered essential to increase access and quality of health care. Pharmacist prescription is a relatively recent experience in the health systems of main developed countries. In Brazil, it was regulated in 2013 and its impact on the routine and work process in public and private community pharmacies remains unknown. Objective: To carry out an evaluative study on pharmacist prescribing in community pharmacies in the city of Vitória, ES. Methodology: This is an exploratory study carried out in three distinct stages. The first step was a literature review on pharmacist prescribing in Brazil and worldwide. For this, studies were selected within a qualitative research perspective that most resembled the objectives of this thesis itself. The second stage refers to the construction and validation of the Logical Model of Pharmacist prescribing in Brazil, using the Delphi consensus method for validation, with selected specialists in the Brazilian pharmaceutical field. In the third stage, a descriptive, qualitative study was carried out with pharmacists working in public and private community pharmacies in Vitória-ES, and direct and indirect managers of these establishments, to investigate the context factors that have the potential to influence the adoption of pharmacist prescribing. This stage was carried out through individual interviews and the data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis. Results: The first result, from the review work, showed the absence of studies on pharmacist prescribing in Brazil, with studies showing an international scenario of acceptance and variable perceptions of research participants, depending, especially, on the level of knowledge and experience of patients and health professionals, the profile of the pharmacist or the type of prescription. The results of the second stage presented a Logical Model of pharmacist prescribing in Brazil, containing seven items from the structure element, 13 items from the activities element, eight items from the intermediate results element and four items from the impact element. The third stage showed that the subjects participating in the research did not prescribe. They identified facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the activity. This stage brought an opportunity to identify some of the factors that may be preventing the exercise of this activity in community pharmacies, and adapting work routines in pharmacies or hiring staff proved to be the main necessary changes. The analysis extracted from the context observed in the previous steps allowed the organization of recommendations for further evaluation studies and for actions aimed at the implementation of pharmacist prescribing in the city of Vitória-ES. Conclusion: This work looked at pharmacist prescribing in the world, collaboratively modeled pharmaceutical prescription in Brazil, with the construction and validation of a Logical Model, and analyzed the contextual factors capable of influencing the adoption of pharmacist prescribing in community pharmacies. It is hoped that the results of this thesis can serve as support and stimulus for further studies on the subject in question, expanding the understanding of the current scenario and helping to build paths for the implementation of pharmacist prescribing in community pharmacies in the public and private sector in the country.