Population genomics and plhylogeography of Euterpe edulis
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Data
2023-03-17
Autores
Almeida, Francine Alves Nogueira de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The Atlantic Forest is one of the five priority global biodiversity hotspots for conservation. Along its distribution, the vegetation presents different characteristics due to biogeographic variation. The palm Euterpe edulis Mart., popularly known as Juçara, is a key species in this biome, with an important ecological role. It is a highly valued food source and is used for a variety of purposes, including the production of juice, jelly, and cosmetics. Knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure are important for the management and conservation of this species and explain the diversity pattern in Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Therefore, this work intends to understand the evolutionary and historical processes that led to genetic diversity and the genetic pattern of current distribution of species in this biome. For this purpose, three types of molecular markers (SNP, Silico-DarT and SSR) were evaluated to estimate the diversity and genetic structure of E. edulis populations collected along the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Making it possible to choose the marker that would best answer our questions. Then, species distribution models over the last 130,000 years were used to correlate seven biogeographical variables, related to temperature and precipitation, with genetic differentiation between populations and species distribution. Thus, it was possible to test whether there is influence of adaptive selection, geographical distance, and climatic stability on the genetic pattern of Euterpe edulis populations. Our results suggest that SNP and Silico- DArT markers are effective for assessing population structure, but SSR are better able to detect diversity between samples. We show that in addition to genetic drift, natural selection is also acting on the population structure of E. edulis. Additionally, several SNPs with selection signals were observed in genes associated with constitutive and adaptive traits. Ecological niche models show a decline in areas suitable for E. edulis over the last 130,000 years and that the current pattern of genetic diversity of E. edulis is a result of geographic distance between populations and little related to resistance isolation. In conclusion, this study is very relevant for E. edulis conservation programs and evolutionary studies of other species that occur in the Atlantic Forest.
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Diversidade genética , Marcadores moleculares , Modelos de nicho , Palma , Floresta tropical