Sucessão ecológica pós fogo em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica sobre tabuleiros costeiros no sudeste do Brasil
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Data
2014-02-21
Autores
Costa, Mayke Blank
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Given the scarcity of studies concerning the ecological succession after fire and the fire as a recurrent problem for the Seasonally Dry Forests, a floristic and structural survey was carried out to evaluate the ecological succession in three burned stands of Lowland Atlantic Forest in Northern of the Espírito Santo addressing the following questions: How does the ecological succession after fire occur in the forest fragments studied? Are there edaphic differences among sites which may influence the successional process? Three hypotheses were proposed: (1) The most recently burned stand (14 years) presents lower biomass (basal area and volume), species diversity and richness than the two other stands burned ~25 years ago; (2) The floristic composition and structure of the three stands studied is still quite distinct from that of a mature forest and (3) The three sites differ in physico-chemical parameters of soils and these influence the recovery process. To address these hypotheses, we investigated a 14-year-old stand and two 25-year-old stands located in the biological reserves of Sooretama (SO), Córrego do Veado (CV) and Córrego Grande (CG), respectively. Five 25 m x 25 m plots were systematically established in each stand. All live and standing dead trees ≥ 5.0 cm DBH were sampled. A total of 1,248 live trees belonging to 226 species, 137 genera and 49 families were recorded. The most important families were Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae. Fabaceaes had the highest values of species richness. The ten most important species varied amongst stands (especially in CG). However, Annona dolabripetala, Astronium concinnum, Joannesia princeps and Polyandrococos caudescens were the most important. It was observed a low percentage of pioneer species and a predominance of zoochory species. CG showed a greater ecological distance between the other sites. The 10-year difference in time did not result in significant differences in stem density, diameter, basal area and volume between SO and the other sites. However, the same cannot be said for species richness and diversity, which were lower for SO. Moreover, SO was lower than CG in terms of number of multi-trunk trees and higher than both CV and CG in terms of dead trees. The levels of liana infestation were generally low, but SO showed the highest infestation rate amongst the three sites. The colonization by tree species and some structural aspects of the sites seems to be influenced mainly by abiotic factors such as climate and soil type. The stands, although secondary and in early successional stage, have shown a rapid recovery following disturbance, but are still quite distinct from mature forests in terms of floristic and structure. Liana cutting could speed up the successional process in SO.
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Floristic composition , Structural aspects , Soil , Forest fire , Northern Espírito Santo , Composição florística , Aspectos estruturais , Norte do Espírito Santo
Citação
COSTA, Mayke Blank. Sucessão ecológica pós-fogo em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica sobre tabuleiros costeiros no sudeste do Brasil. 2014. 111 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, 2014.