Avaliação de blendas bacterianas e meios de suporte em um sistema de tratamento de efluente proveniente de cervejaria
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Data
2025-07-30
Autores
Silva, Karen Araujo da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The rapid development of countries and the accelerating pace of industrialization, combined with population growth and the increasing demand for food, have led to significant environmental impacts and placed a strain on natural resources. Industrial effluents from breweries are frequently discharged directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans, thereby contaminating water bodies with chemical substances which may pose adverse effects on human health. Moreover, the high volume of agricultural solid waste generated and its improper disposal into the environment further exacerbate negative environmental impacts. In this context, the aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the treatability of brewery effluent by means of a biological treatment process assisted by two specific bacterial blends, adhered to different supporting media. The adopted methodology encompasses the characterization of agricultural materials—such as bamboo, eucalyptus bark, coconut husk fiber, corn cob, and sugarcane bagasse—in order to gain insight into their physical and chemical properties, identify functional groups, and determine elemental composition. To this end, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the determination of ash and lignin content were the employed techniques. For effluent characterization and monitoring, physicochemical analyses were performed on the brewery wastewater, evaluating parameters such as color, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total solids (TS), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Bamboo and eucalyptus bark exhibited higher thermal stability and greater lignin content, which conferred greater durability during the treatment, whereas the corn cob was more susceptible to degradation, which confirmed the influence of lignocellulosic composition on material resistance. The bacterial blend 1 yielded the best results, achieving 70.1% COD removal and 67.86% BOD removal when corn cob was used as the support medium. In contrast, the bacterial blend 2, utilizing bamboo as the support, showed lower efficiency, with only 25.68% COD and 21.05% BOD removal, highlighting differences in microbiological performance and supporting media between the evaluated systems. Despite the fact that bacterial blend 1 demonstrated effectiveness in reducing COD, BOD, TS, TP, and TN levels to some extent, the organic matter removal was insufficient to meet the standards established by Brazilian environmental legislation (CONAMA Resolution No. 430/11) for discharging effluents into Class 2 water bodies. Therefore, continued research is essential to optimize operational conditions, explore different supporting media and bacterial blends, and assess the feasibility of combining these biological methods with complementary physicochemical processes
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Consórcio bacteriano , Matriz microbiana , Substrato suporte , Efluente industrial , Cervejaria , Subproduto agrícola , Bacterial consortium , Microbial matrix , Support substrate , Brewery , Industrial effluent , Agricultural by-product