Sazonalidade e diversidade de Ephemeroptera Neotropicais
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Costa, Vinicius
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The objective of this work was to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of alates of Ephemeroptera of atlantic forest biome and the processes (on different scales) that determine the diversity of the order for the tropical region. The first chapter deals with the investigation of the seasonal fluctuation of the Ephemeroptera alates in neotropical environments, we describe the fluctuation of the abundance of the populations during the climatic seasons and verify their relations with the repetitive climatic factors. The second chapter deals with the ecological aspects of the order and how its diversity is distributed in the different ecological scales, following the precepts of the additive partition of diversity. In order to reach our objectives, we make collections at the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, located in the municipality of Santa Teresa (Espírito Santo, Brazil). We collected data in three streams within the limits of the reserve (Lombardia stream, Roda D'água stream and Bragacho stream). In order to collect the phenological data, we carried out monthly collections between May 2017 and April 2018, with tray traps and malaise traps. To investigate how certain factors acting on different spatial scales (local, mesoscale and regional) influence the diversity of Ephemeroptera, a nymphs collection campaign was carried out in December 2017, in 18 points, with six points in each stream studied. Sampling was performed by scanning method. In this way, the collections were performed according to the following hierarchical scheme: (a) covering only the substrate (litter, stone and gravel / sand); (ß1) difference between species composition between sites; (ß2) meso-habitats, which comprises the species exchange that occurs between the substrates plus the velocity of the water flow (backwater or stream); (ß3) exchange between species composition between streams and (?) regional diversity, which is the sum of all hierarchical levels. For chapter one we collected a total of 1676 Ephemeroptera wings belonging to five families. For the analysis of chapter two we collected a total of 403 ephemeroptera specimens in the nymphal stage, belonging to five families and 24 species. The data presented and discussed in this study corroborate the premise that the order Ephemeroptera of the atlantic forest region presents a seasonal pattern of abundance and wealth during the year. We also verified that at the micro-habitat level, the type of substrate exerts a great influence on the wealth and abundance rates of the Ephemeroptera community. At the landscape level, on the other hand, the local scale contributes least to the determination of diversity. The differences between the rivers, in this way, is the most important factor for the increase of species to the regional diversity. And this result is particularly relevant in programs of conservationist appeal, since according to him the resource expenditure in diversity studies and biodiversity conservation programs of the studied fauna can be more effective when prioritizing (i) great space coverage (many sites which have streams) and (ii) diversity of substrates.
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Palavras-chave
Macroinvertebrates , Aquatic insects , Macroinvertebrados , Landscape ecology , Ecologia de paisagem , Circular analysis , Análise circular , Additive partition , Partição aditiva
Citação
COSTA, Vinicius. Sazonalidade e diversidade de Ephemeroptera Neotropicais. 2019. 76 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Animal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Vitória, 2019.