Monitoramento remoto de pastagem adubada com diferentes fertilizantes de liberação controlada
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Data
2025-02-07
Autores
Cabral, Mateus Oliveira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Proper management of pasture nutrition is essential for normal crop growth and development. Incorrect management of pasture nutrition makes crop areas susceptible to degradation, a common and prevalent problem in pasture-grown areas. Therefore, more efficient use of fertilizer nutrients becomes essential to increase productivity, plant quality, reduce nutrient losses through leaching, volatilization or immobilization, and improve sustainability in the agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to remotely monitor, through the use of vegetation indices, the vegetative development of pasture cultivated with different controlled-release fertilizers. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), located in the municipality of Alegre, in a flat area cultivated with Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania). The experimental design of the study was a randomized block design (RBD), with a split-plot scheme in time, with two factors. The first factor (plot) involved four fertilization processes, two conventional (split - FCP and non-split - FCNP); two controlled release (non-split) and one control without fertilization. The second factor (subplot) consisted of four evaluation periods (pasture cuts) treated as subplots, in the pre-grazing simulated by mechanical mowing. From remote sensing and in loco evaluations, vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE, MPRI, MSAVI, VARIG, EVI, CCCI and CI), apparent leaf chlorophyll indices and biometric variables, such as canopy height, fresh and dry mass, were calculated to monitor the effect of fertilizers. The results highlighted the similar performance between controlled release fertilizers (FLC) and conventional split fertilizer (FCP) in maintaining vegetative vigor and fresh and dry mass production of the pasture throughout the study period. Several vegetation indices showed significant correlation with the biometric variables collected in situ of canopy height, fresh mass, dry mass and apparent leaf indices of chlorophyll A, B and total of the pasture over time. The NDRE vegetation index was more sensitive and effective for monitoring and managing pasture fertilization, as it was able to detect, describe and be strongly correlated with the biometric variables collected in situ throughout all the studied cuts. The integration of FLC with vegetation indices proved to be a promising and effective approach for monitoring and sustainable management of pasture fertilization.
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Palavras-chave
Panicum maximum , Manejo , Vant , Índices de vegetação , Biométricas , Panicum maximum , Management , Vegetation indices , Biometrics