Elaboração de mapeamento climático para a identificação de microclimas e suporte ao planejamento urbano
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Data
2021-11-23
Autores
Santos, Juliana Silva Almeida
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The urban climate is an important factor for the quality of the urban environment. Understanding its dynamics and interrelationship with the built environment makes it possible to establish strategies for actions that culminate in improving the quality of life of its users, more efficient spatial arrangements and the reduction of risks related to human health and safety. The challenges imposed by climate change and population increase in urban centers reiterate the urgency for actions to ensure good environmental conditions. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for studies aimed at reducing the lack of integration between urban climate knowledge and planning practices. This research aimed to propose a methodology for urban climate mapping on the microclimate scale, qualified to delimit urban guidelines capable of contributing to thermal improvement of urban centers. The methodology was presented from the application of an analytical model aimed at the study of the urban thermal field, based on the structure of the Urban Climate Map (UCMap). The method was associated with modeling and climate measurements carried out in a seasonal winter situation. Spatial distribution maps of the air temperature and humidity variables were correlated to the different thermal fields and heating potentials delimited by the model, in order to assess its accuracy. The study in question was carried out in an urban area located in the Jardim Camburi neighborhood, located in the city of Vitória (Espírito Santo). As a result, it was verified the positive effect of the parameters of urban capacity, shading (caused by afforestation and buildings) and green areas in mitigating the adverse effects of the thermal load. On the other hand, it was observed that the areas with the greatest heating potential pertain to places with high emissivity and built-up volume associated with greater exposure to direct sunlight. Regarding the microclimate of the area evaluated in the field research, thermal differences were observed between the monitored points of up to 2.6 °C in the morning, 3.8 °C in the afternoon and 1.7 °C in the night shift. Given these results, guidelines were developed as a subsidy for local urban planning.
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Mapa climático urbano , clima urbano , planejamento urbano , campos térmicos