Estudo comparativo sobre os profissionais de enfermagem de hospitais públicos da região norte do Espírito Santo de dados pré e durante a pandemia de Covid-19
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Data
2023-11-17
Autores
Giuberti, Gabriela Mantovanelli de Oliveira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major threat to global health, resulting in almost 7 million deaths worldwide. Given the context, the SUS had to be reorganized, as the demand for health services increased exponentially, as well as the work overload of nursing professionals, challenges that highlighted the importance of this work in society. The long pandemic period exposed several vulnerability factors among nursing professionals. Inadequate working conditions, low wages, exhausting working hours and flexible employment relationships were already observed. Working on the front line of care for patients with coronavirus infection and often in precarious conditions, they live with a shortage of personal protective equipment, physical and mental exhaustion and a high risk of contagion. Objective: To compare data before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2018/19 and 2021/22) of nursing professionals (technicians, nursing assistants and nurses) from two state hospitals in the interior of Espírito Santo (ES). Method: Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study, comparing secondary data from the hospitals analyzed. First, sociodemographic and labor information from nursing professionals from state hospitals in the northwest region of ES were used. Then, retrospective data was used on the occurrence of absences due to illness among the nursing team at one of the hospitals. The researched elements were organized in Excel and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The project to which they are linked was approved by the UFES Research Ethics Committee. To construct the dissertation, a bibliographic survey of related descriptors was carried out. Results: In the first survey, the majority of female workers were found in the two periods studied, aged 41 or over, with incomplete or complete secondary education, with a temporary contract. The data indicated that in 2022, there was a percentage increase in the number of professionals, both male and under 30 years of age, with complete secondary or technical education, in addition to an increase in temporary contracts, professionals graduated in nursing and residents in the same city in which they work. In the second moment, it was observed that in both periods there was a majority of absences due to illness among females (85%) and nursing assistants/technicians (85%). There was an increase in the number of sick leaves and their duration and the main causes were Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions (13.2%); Infectious and parasitic diseases (12.4%) and Injuries, poisoning and external causes (12%), before the pandemic. During the pandemic, these were Infectious and parasitic Diseases (39%), followed by Acute Respiratory Infections (11.8%) and Injuries, poisoning and external causes (9.8%). Final considerations: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare professionals to several situations that harmed both the quality of work and their health. Given this, it is important to highlight that planning and development actions will be necessary, aiming at the recovery and integration of teams, prevention and health promotion for professionals and the development of plans aimed mainly at females, since the health workforce is made up mostly of women.
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Enfermagem , COVID-19 , Absenteísmo , Saúde do trabalhador , Condições de trabalho