O papel das mudanças climáticas no passado, presente e futuro de roedores montanos (Juliomysspp.)
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Data
2021-05-31
Autores
Mendonça, Gabriela Colombo de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Changes in the Earth’s climatic conditions can affect geographic distributions of species, causing variations in patterns of diversity and occurrence across space and time. Just as in response to past climate fluctuations, species will tend to respond to projected future climate changes as well. Due to their high specialization, low adaptability and low mobility, mountain species may be more affected by climate change than species that occur at mid- and low altitudes. To better understand these effects, we characterized the climatic niches of Juliomys ossitenuis and Juliomys pictipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae), two arboreal rodents endemic to the Atlantic Forest that differ in altitudinal range but occur in sympatry in some localities. Currently, Juliomys ossitenuis is restricted to regions above 800 m, while Juliomys pictipes is distributed along the altitudinal gradient from sea level to 2,000 m of altitude, leading to the coexistence of these species at medium altitudes. Using climate modeling, we investigated the potential effects of climate fluctuations on the environmental suitability of both species from the Last Glacial Maximum at 21,000 years ago to the year 2070 under different global warming scenarios. Our research has shown that J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis share a climate niche but have different occupation densities and climatic range, suggesting that in addition to spatial niche segregation, they may respond in different ways to climate change. Juliomys pictipes showed less reduction of adequate area by increased temperature and reduced precipitation than Juliomys ossitenuis, which showed more significant events of adequate area reduction and altitudinal movement. We conclude that J. ossitenuis and J. pictipes have similar climatic niches, but are spatially segregated at different levels, which is probably associated with their ecological characteristics. We also conclude that J. ossitenuis, which is the species restricted to the highest altitudes, is more susceptible to the predicted changes in the climate.
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Juliomys , altitude , simpatria , adequabilidade climática , Mata Atlântica