Práticas sociais na abordagem estrutural das representações sociais: histórico, teoria e aplicação
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Data
2023-03-14
Autores
Peixoto, Álvaro Rafael Santana
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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This dissertation is about social practices in the structural approach of the theory of social representations. We frame this dissertation in the positional and ideological levels of analysis of social psychology. We propose to organize and study concepts preceding practices, influences of social psychology movements and theories of the structural approach. We suggest a conceptual rescue of the theory of conditionality on the functioning of prescribers, practices and representational dynamics. We also analyzed publications in a bibliographic article on recent and old works. As conclusions of the theoretical studies we have: (I) Need to resume experimental and observational studies, in addition to old concepts of the field; (II) Consider the various theories within the structural approach (activation and conditionality); (III) Importance of concepts involved in representational dynamics (schema, social situation, nature of practices and normative pressure); (IV) Combine the societal approach with the structural one for future advances in the understanding of practices; (V) Correctly use social practices, defining them and distinguishing them from individual behaviors; (VI) Resume and make available in Portuguese the seminal texts on practices. We also report three empirical studies (N=208, N=1200 and N=176) on practices in relation to the Covid -19. The first is a study of verbal questioning, the second observational and the third also of verbal questioning. We sought to verify the subjects' perception of risk regarding covid, their risk practices in different contexts and the subjects' reflexivity about the practices they carry out. As main results of empirical studies we have: (I) Proximity to the object is a factor that modulates social thinking; (II) The perception of risk permeates both proximity and social situations; (III) The social situation modulates both the practices and the subjects' reflexivity about the practices; (IV) There is divergence between what subjects do and what they believe they do. The discussion combines the results and conclusions of the theoretical and empirical studies, stating that this thesis is an attempt to take steps backwards to solidify the theories of the structural approach and propose integrations with the societal approach. We conclude that this solidification is a necessary first step to start taking steps forward in the forgotten path of social representations that is the study of practices.
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Práticas sociais , Representações sociais , Abordagem estrutural das representações sociais , Percepção de risco , Covid-19