Dinâmica espaço temporal da bacia de drenagem do rio Santa Clara (ES) em 2000 e 2020 sob a ótica da Ecologia de Paisagem
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Data
2023-11-13
Autores
Massini, Victor Silveira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The state of Espírito Santo is located on the eastern coast of Brazil, forming part of the Atlantic Forest domain, which has been undergoing transformations in its coverage for centuries, increasingly intensifying over time. In the middle of the 20th century, debates about the negative impacts on the environment expanded, and the environmental agenda gained ground in public and private sectors. Furthermore, scientific knowledge was developed, becoming fundamental for planning the use and occupation of land, in an attempt to reconcile development with the conservation of natural resources such as water, soil, air, climate, flora, fauna, etc. The object of this research was to study the subbasins of the Santa Clara and Pedregulho rivers, located upstream of the Itapemirim river basin, in the municipalities of Iúna and Irupi (ES). The spatial area considered was called the Santa Clara River drainage basin and part of its area falls within the Caparaó National Park conservation unit, a region where the elements and attributes present make it a priority for the conservation of biodiversity and water resources. To answer the hypothesis proposed by this research, the dynamics of land use and land cover were investigated by calculating landscape metrics for the years 2000 and 2020. Moreover, those measurements were evaluated in the context of environmental public policy development in Espírito Santo and Brazil. This research had a biogeographic and integrative emphasis, based on the theoretical assumptions of Landscape Ecology, verifying its potential as a useful tool for territorial planning and management. In order to accomplish these goals, spatial data provided by the MapBiomas platform were used, as well as a series of data gathered from bibliographical, documentary and field research. The use of geospatial data and landscape metrics, processed using ArcGis and Fragstats software, made it possible to identify a forest pattern in which most of the fragments are small, confirming the tendency for the landscape transformation by anthropic uses at the expense of natural vegetation. However, forest fragments of significant size were identified and therefore central to the maintenance of biodiversity, with emphasis on the conservation role played by the Caparaó National Park and identified in the context of the studied area. The development of integrated strategies and actions was deemed necessary in order to implement public policies aimed at recovering and protecting natural resources in the state of Espírito Santo. Considering the above, the alignment of objectives with environmental legislation was crucial.
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Palavras-chave
Ecologia de Paisagem , Dinâmica Espacial , Mata Atlântica , Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim , Parque Nacional do Caparaó