Aproveitamento agrícola do biossólido gerado na estação de tratamento de esgoto de Jerônimo Monteiro - ES na laranjeira
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Data
2024-11-26
Autores
Viçosi, Karen Andreon
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Sewage sludge, known as biosolids after treatment, is a residue from sewage treatment that can be used in agriculture due to the presence of nutrients and organic matter. Its use in agroecosystems is justified to improve soil properties, increase microbial diversity and promote the circulation of nutrients, being an effective way to increase food production. Although the use of biosolids in agricultural production systems is a great option for reusing this material, this practice still needs to be controlled to be able to provide some risks, such as the presence of heavy metals, pathogens, organic compounds and toxins in excess, which can cause losses in agricultural practice. Another possibility for using biosolids is as a substrate for seedling production. It is capable of increasing the growth and improving the nutrition of seedlings, facilitating the lifespan and the cost of acquiring substrates. However, the physical attributes of biosolids may not be specific to all species, requiring tests to indicate an ideal proportion of biosolids in relation to the substrate. One of the treatments that sewage sludge can undergo is liming, and it is essential to understand the dynamics of soil pH with biosolids fertilization. Unlimed sewage sludge reduces soil pH after 21 days. However, in general, the application of 80 t ha-1 reduces pH by 4.8%, 9.9% and 9.6% for sandy, medium and clayey soils, respectively. Limed sewage sludge presents high soil reactivity after seven days, with a reduction in the occurrence of alkalinization over time. In general, for sandy soil, the pH value was around 7.6, while for medium and clayey soils the pH value was 7.4 at the dose of 80 t ha-1. Sandy textured soils with lower moderate capacity, selected from smaller doses of limed sewage sludge to reach pH 7. Based on these studies, the prediction of biosolids in seedling production and orange tree planning was then tested. Citrus farming is economically important in national agriculture, and also in the southern region of Espírito Santo. Biosolids have the potential to be used in the composition of substrate for the production of citrus rootstocks, replacing the commercial substrate. The use of biosolids in the proportion of up to 60% for Rangpur lime seedlings and up to 45% for ‘San Diego’ citrandarin seedlings promoted better responses in relation to initial growth and plant quality. In the field, biosolids can also be used for initial fertilization of the crop. The application of biosolids at doses of 100%, 115% and 150% of the N recommendation for the crop improved the chemical attributes of the soil, such as P, Ca, SB, CTC, effectiveness and base saturation. The levels of calcium, SB, t, V increased until 9 months, while organic matter increased until 11.7 months. In general, biosolids did not promote an increase in the content of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and B) in relation to mineral fertilization
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Agronomia , Fertilidade do solo , Laranjeira , Mudas , Agricultura