A constituição da docência leiga entre as reformas do ensino capixaba (1892-1930)
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Data
2025-06-18
Autores
Amaro, Brenda Amorim
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This study investigates the formation of “lay teaching” ("docência leiga") within the Public Instruction system of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 1892 and 1930, in the context of Republican educational policies of the time. It analyzes how this teaching category was shaped through the educational reforms implemented in 1892 (Moniz Freire), between 1908 and 1909 (Gomes Cardim), and between 1928 and 1930 (Atilio Vivacqua). The research seeks to answer the following questions: What configurations did lay teaching assume during each of these reforms? Who were the lay teachers? What continuities and discontinuities characterized their professional practice? To address these questions, primary sources such as government messages and reports, primary education inspection reports, resolutions, laws, and decrees were analyzed. The study adopts the theoretical and methodological perspectives of Marc Bloch (2001) and Carlo Ginzburg (2007, 2012), emphasizing an evidentiary and critical reading of the sources that challenges the intentions of their original authors. The findings highlight the historical developments that led to the formation of lay teaching, which included teachers referred to as competitive exam teachers, temporary teachers, substitute teachers, and/or rural teachers—depending on the reform and context. These individuals lacked formal teaching qualifications and were employed as a temporary measure to expand public education, combat illiteracy, and compensate for the shortage of trained normal school teachers. The study contributes to the advancement of research on the History of Education in Espírito Santo by tracing the threads and remnants of lay teaching within the region's educational landscape.
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Formação e prática docente , História da educação no Espírito Santo , Período Republicano