Nos caminhos da roça: representações sociais e processos identitários entre jovens rurais do estado do Espírito Santo.
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Data
2016-06-29
Autores
Epifanio, Paola Zanotti
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Brazil is a country admittedly agrarian. However, farmers today are related to representations based on prejudice-generating stereotypes and consequent social exclusion of this group. Urban sociability, which is positively valued, has eventually become a referential way of life for social groups, and group divergence actuates so as to increase psychosocial split between the city and the countryside. Based on articulation between the Social Representation Theory and the Theory of Social Identity, this study aims to investigate the phenomenon of social identity in the rural sociocultural setting by analyzing identity and representational processes linked to social-territorial (rurality/urbanity) and gender (masculinity/femininity) categories among juvenile men and women in rural areas of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The investigation was carried out through four complementary studies: Study 1 (S1) aimed to identify the ratio of masculinity in the countryside of the State of Espírito Santo from Datasus data referring to censuses of 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 for populations aged between 15 and 24; (S2) aimed to analyze identity processes linked to rural social youth among young people in the State of Espírito Santo aged between 15 and 24 by comparing country and city and by assessing life project and future; (S3) aimed to investigate the social representations of rural young women and rural young men aged between 15 and 24, who attend rural school in the State of Espírito Santo; and (S4) analyzed the gender relationships and the dynamics of the labor world among young farmers who established family nuclei in rural areas in the State of Espírito Santo, with higher rates of masculinization (Boa Esperança and São José do Calçado) and feminization (Mantenópolis and Piúma) in the countryside. Considering the nature of the data and the objectives of each study, the following treatment was employed for the information gathered: (S1), calculation of masculinity ratio and computer software TabWin32 and Microsoft Excel 2007; (S2), Content Analysis; (S3), software program SPAD-T, through which factorial correspondence analysis and cluster formation were achieved; and (S4), software program ALCESTE, which provided Descendant Hierarchical Classification and Correspondence Factorial Analysis. The results found showed that subjects seek to break through negative stereotypes addressing the rural person and to highlight the values and positive coherence of the rural identity. Rural labor is central and constitutes an important identity element because it provides farmers with positive values and affect, even in face of the hard reality to which they are subject. Analyses also point out that the young farmer seeks social change by attributing new meaning to stereotypes about rural life and by claiming for the necessary improvement in the countryside. In conclusion, the rural setting has shown constant structural and demographical changes in the past 30 years, which have been strongly influenced by the labor and gender relations established.
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Gênero , Identidade social , Jovens rurais , Psicologia social