Tecnologia de aplicação com aeronave não tripulada no manejo da sigatoka na cultura da banana
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Data
2025-09-02
Autores
Schaeffer, Maickel Lucas
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Banana farming is strategically important for Brazilian agribusiness, with Espírito Santo standing out as a key production hub. However, fungal leaf diseases such as Sigatoka spp. severely compromise productivity, requiring efficient chemical control. Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) emerge as a promising alternative to traditional application methods, offering greater precision and lower environmental impact. This study aimed to define the optimal flight configurations (application rate and droplet size) for aerial spraying via RPA in 'Prata' banana plants, seeking to optimize droplet deposition and Sigatoka control. The experiment was conducted in Linhares, ES, using a randomized block design with five replications in a 4×3 factorial arrangement: four application rates (8, 10, 12, and 14 L ha⁻¹) and three droplet sizes (180, 240, and 300 μm), employing a DJI Agras T40 RPA at 4.5 m height and 20 km h⁻¹. Deposition was assessed using water-sensitive papers and PVC tags, while disease control was evaluated using systemic fungicides (groups C2 and G1), applied monthly for three months, with weekly post-application monitoring following Stover’s methodology. Results showed that the 14 L ha⁻¹ rate provided 120% greater coverage than 8 L ha⁻¹, while 240 μm and 300 μm droplets performed similarly, surpassing 180 μm droplets by 45%. The 8 L ha⁻¹ rate resulted in 46.06% lower droplet density than 14 L ha⁻¹, with 180 μm and 240 μm droplets producing 21.73 droplets cm⁻² (55.7% higher than 300 μm). Regarding drift potential, the combination of 12 L ha⁻¹ with 300 μm droplets showed the lowest Drift Risk Potential (DRP) and higher Dv0.1, indicating fewer ultra-fine droplets. The Volumetric Median Diameter (VMD) was directly influenced by nominal droplet size, with 12 L ha⁻¹ + 300 μm showing less than 14% variation, indicating greater stability and lower drift risk. The most efficient deposition was achieved with 10 L ha⁻¹ + 240 μm. For Sigatoka control, the treatments 14 L ha⁻¹ + 300 μm (77.2% relative efficacy), 8 L ha⁻¹ + 300 μm (74.6%), and 8 L ha⁻¹ + 240 μm (68.9%) stood out, maintaining consistent performance over time and ranking among the top five in integrated temporal efficacy. In conclusion, the interaction between operational parameters significantly influences application quality and disease control, with specific combinations optimizing coverage, deposition, and drift reduction.
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Aeronave remotamente pilotada , Deposição de gotas , Doenças fúngicas