Mudanças no estilo de vida em adultos e idosos brasileiros durante a pandemia de Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
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Data
2024-07-10
Autores
Urquía, Yazareni José Mercadante
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The COVID-19 pandemic brought numerous challenges to health systems and governments worldwide. Containment measures were adopted to reduce infection rates, affecting various daily activities such as eating habits, beverage consumption, physical activity, screen time, and mental health. These factors may have long-term effects on vulnerable groups, such as individuals with chronic diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between social distancing and lifestyle factors in adults from southeastern Brazil during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic; analyze the association between loneliness and alcohol consumption during the pandemic among ELSA-Brasil participants; and assess the relationship between physical activity, screen time behavior, and non-alcoholic beverage consumption among ELSA-Brasil participants. Specific methodologies and two databases (the Ibero-American Study on lifestyle and eating habits during the pandemic and the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil [COVID wave]) were used. The results of this thesis are presented in three manuscripts. The first manuscript shows a decrease in breakfast consumption (12.5%) and an increase in snack consumption (24.5% in the morning and 12.5% in the afternoon) and eating between meals (20.4%). Individuals in social distancing increased their consumption of vegetables and legumes, while those not in distancing increased their consumption of fish and fast food. Most participants reported weight gain during the pandemic, and those in confinement reported more hours of sleep and higher anxiety related to COVID-19 statistics. The second manuscript highlights a high perception of loneliness and adherence to social distancing among ELSA-Brasil participants, especially women. Moderate and excessive alcohol consumption patterns predominated among men. In both sexes, total alcohol and beer consumption, both moderate and excessive, were higher among those experiencing loneliness. Among women, loneliness increased the likelihood of excessive total alcohol consumption (OR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.09-2.59) and moderate (OR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.69) and excessive beer consumption (OR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.04-2.82). Among men, loneliness had a similar effect on excessive total alcohol consumption (OR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.05-2.11) and excessive beer consumption (OR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.03-2.25). The third manuscript shows the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables on the consumption of sugary beverages. Excessive screen time and physical inactivity increased the chances of consuming artificially sweetened beverages among men (OR: 2.44; 95% CI 1.54-3.84) and women (OR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.02- 2.91). This behavior was also associated with higher consumption of industrialized juices among men (OR: 2.02; 95% CI 1.15-3.53) and soft drinks among women (OR: 2.28; 95% CI 1.10-4.72). Men with adequate screen time but physically inactive had similar results (OR: 1.93; 95% CI 1.22-3.06) in the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages. In conclusion, the pandemic affected eating habits, alcohol consumption, and physical activity among Brazilian adults, highlighting the need for policies to promote healthy lifestyles, especially among vulnerable groups
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Palavras-chave
Estilo de vida , Distanciamento social , COVID-19 , Bebidas , Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas , Dieta