Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental à inundação em bacias hidrográficas do Estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2025-02-26
Autores
Silva, Gabriel Adão Zechini da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The phenomenon of flooding is one of the most critical natural disasters; however, its effects can be further exacerbated by anthropogenic factors such as unplanned urban expansion and accelerated urbanization. In Brazil, many urban areas face critical conditions due to soil impermeabilization, deforestation, and inadequate infrastructure, which intensify the negative social and economic impacts of flooding. The Santa Maria River and Jucu River watersheds in Espírito Santo are particularly critical regions due to the combination of unfavorable natural conditions and challenging socioeconomic factors. Mapping socio-environmental vulnerability emerges as a relevant strategic tool for effective disaster planning and management, enabling not only the mitigation of impacts but also supporting infrastructure planning and emergency actions. In this context, this study aims to map the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Santa Maria River and Jucu River watersheds by integrating environmental and socioeconomic criteria that influence the occurrence and impacts of flooding. The methodology was based on multicriteria analysis with map algebra, using environmental criteria (geomorphology, HAND, precipitation, slope, land use and cover) for susceptibility mapping and socioeconomic criteria (education, income, risk groups, sanitation infrastructure) for vulnerability mapping. The steps included the definition of criteria, geographic data collection, weighting using the AHP method, cartographic processing with data reclassification and normalization, weighted algebra application, and the integration of final maps in a GIS environment. The results indicated that areas of highest susceptibility (grade 5) are concentrated along the coastal zones and densely urbanized regions, such as the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, characterized by flat terrain and intense human occupation. The integrated analysis revealed that these areas overlap with regions of high socioeconomic vulnerability, where population density, precarious drainage infrastructure, and soil impermeabilization amplify risks. The mapping provides a clear view of the priority areas for interventions and public policies. It is concluded that the metropolitan region of Vitória, particularly the municipalities of Vitória, Vila Velha, and Cariacica, contains areas classified as having very high levels of socio-environmental vulnerability to flooding, making them the most critical regions within the Santa Maria da Vitória and Jucu River basins
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Hidrologia , Bacias hidrográficas , Água - Conservação , Inundação , Análise multicritério , Análise hierárquica de processos , Precipitação , Desastres naturais , Ocupação urbana desordenada , Multi-criteria analysis , Hierarchical analysis of processes , Occurrences , Natural disasters , Disorderly occupation , Santa Maria da Vitória, Rio, Bacia (ES) , Jucu, Rio, Bacia (ES)