Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Portaria nº 398 de 29 de maio de 2025, publicado no DOU de 02/06/2025. Homologação do Parecer CNE/CES nº 176/2025
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1424
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- ItemImpacto de espaços verdes urbanos no bem estar e conforto térmico de pedestres: avaliação qualitativa integrada com termografia(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-11-10) Silva, Luciélia Lacerda da ; Fiedler, Nilton César; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-3660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-4734; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021734565362966; Botrel, Rejane Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-1450; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0699071467349993; Miyajima, Ricardo Hideaki ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-0060; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812496049170578; Carmo, Flávio Cipriano de Assis do; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-5295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4344001243399165; Moura, Cristiane Coelho de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-8638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8485099797100386This study aimed to investigate the influence of urban green spaces on well-being and thermal comfort. The range of surface and air temperatures, as well as thermal comfort, were analyzed in wooded and non-wooded scenarios. Furthermore, it sought to evaluate the possibility of estimating the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index from surface temperature, as well as visualizing future climate change scenarios. The methodology included defining typical winter days, characterizing the sociodemographic profile of pedestrians, and assessing well-being using a scale of positive and negative affects associated with the Momentary Ecological Assessment method. Surface temperature was obtained by aerial survey with a thermal sensor at three times (6 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm) in wooded and non-wooded areas of central streets in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro (ES). Simultaneously, two thermal stress meters recorded data every five minutes, under shaded and sunny conditions, between 6 am and 4 pm. For the climate change analysis, the positive (RCP 4.5) and negative (RCP 8.5) scenarios were considered for the period from 2071 to 2100. The thermal comfort analysis followed Regulatory Standard No. 15 and Occupational Hygiene Standard No. 06, using multiple linear regression models and the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The results indicated that well-being, assessed by the average of affects, did not differ significantly between times of day or between wooded and non-wooded areas. However, a more pronounced polarization between positive and negative affects was observed in the non-wooded scenario. In general, positive emotions predominated, especially "attentive," "determined," and "alert," while "guilty," "hostile," and "terrified" were rarely mentioned. Wooded areas showed a greater thermal amplitude, reaching 13.46 °C between shade and sun conditions, confirming their importance in regulating the urban microclimate. The WBGT index could be estimated from surface temperature: in multiple linear regression, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.238 to 0.962, while in Random Forest it reached 0.835 in wooded areas and 0.890 in non-wooded areas. Multiple linear regression presented limitations, requiring segmentation by hourly periods and separation between shade and sun to meet statistical assumptions. Air temperature modeling via multiple linear regression showed fit only for the non-wooded scenario (adjusted R² between 0.844 and 0.985). With Random Forest, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.800 to 0.949 between scenarios. Thus, it was possible to spatially represent, with high resolution (1 m²), the positive and negative climate change scenarios in the studied areas. Climate projections showed that maximum temperatures, in both scenarios, will occur at 4 PM. In the wooded area, the estimated maximum temperatures ranged from 27.30 to 34.62 °C in RCP 4.5 and from 29.73 to 37.05 °C in RCP 8.5. In the non wooded area, the maximum temperatures were also concentrated at 4 PM, ranging from 23.09 to 26.40 °C (RCP 4.5) and from 26.95 to 30.26 °C (RCP 8.5).
- ItemNew insights on the use of agroindustrial waste from fruit processing for the production of briquettes for food smoking(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-28) Delatorre, Fabíola Martins; Saloni, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-080X; Perré, Giana Estela de Andrade Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086500094340919; Dias Júnior, Ananias Francisco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-0567; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2428652077952117; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-8353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9605907768785175; Lucia, Suzana Maria Della; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-7684; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8734982167185652 ; Silva, Yuri Ferreira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-0695; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2236086098367864; Silva, Álison Moreira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-928X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9748209517542126The impacts of agro-industrial residues from Citrus sinensis, Passiflora edulis and Vitis vinifera on the quality of briquettes used as solid fuel for smoking food are not fully understood, specifically with regard to residues from the peels of these fruits. In addition, this research presents new information on the presence of chemical compounds. Aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ketones and furans, in agro-industrial residues that can influence the sensory profile and efficiency of the smoking process. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the properties of agro-industrial residues and the briquettes produced from them, evaluating their potential and viability for use in the food smoking process. Mixtures of Citrus sinensis, Passiflora edulis and Vitis vinifera and charcoal fines were analyzed and subsequently compacted in a briquetting machine at a temperature of 80°C and a pressure of 500 psi for five minutes. The physical, chemical and thermal properties of the agro-industrial waste were analyzed and the occurrence of organic compounds responsible for the emissions of these biomasses was determined by Gas Chromatography-MS (GC-MS) analysis, while the thermal characteristics were evaluated by Thermogravimetry (TGA) and the characterization of chemical bonds was obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The produced briquettes were evaluated for their physical, chemical, mechanical, energetic, and thermal properties. In addition, morphological analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The addition of charcoal fines decreased the pH, increased the energy density and improved the thermal stability of the briquettes. The briquettes with the best potential were those produced with Vitis vinifera, presenting higher lignin content (27.62%), low ash content (3.5%), low volumetric expansion (1.39%), high mechanical strength (186 kgf), high energy density (5.68 Gcal.m–3) and combustibility index (0.42). Aromatic hydrocarbons were the most representative compounds in all biomasses evaluated, followed by phenols, ketones and furans. In short, agro-industrial waste, specifically from Vitis vinifera, can be a sustainable strategy for the production of briquettes intended for food smoking.
- ItemUso de dados de LiDAR aerotransportado e terrestre móvel no inventário quantitativo de árvores urbanas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-30) Souza, Emerson Eduardo Oliveira de; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-5353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8624018008470565; Moura, Cristiane Coelho de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-8638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8485099797100386; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; Almeida, André Quintão de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607Urban tree planting plays an essential role in providing ecosystem services such as thermal regulation, surface runoff control, and air quality improvement. However, proper management of these trees depends on accurate, up-to-date, and efficient inventories. Given the operational limitations of conventional methods, this study evaluated the use of airborne LIDAR (ALS) and terrestrial. LIDAR (TLS) data for tree detection and the estimation of biometric variables in an urban environment. The main objective was to analyze the accuracy of these technologies in estimating variables such as total height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown diameter (de) along an urban street in the municipality of Jerónimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil. The methodology involved acquiring data with LIDAR sensors mounted on a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) and on mobile terrestrial scanning equipment, in addition to traditional field inventory, Point clouds were pre-processed, classified, and normalized. Subsequently, digital terrain models (DTMs) were generated, individual trees were detected and segmented (ITD), structural metrics were extracted, and multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate the variables of interest. The results showed that ALS presented higher accuracy in total height (H) estimation, with an adjusted Rª of 0.95 and RMSE of 6.69%. On the other hand, TLS performed better in the estimation of DBH (adjusted. R³ of 0.47 and RMSE of 26.21%) and cd (adjusted R³ of 0.55 and RMSE of 19.67%), providing better detail of the trees' lateral structure. The best-performing detection algorithm was the Local Maximum Filter (LMF) with a variable linear window, especially when applied directly to the TLS point cloud. Statistical modeling using point cloud-derived variables showed robust performance, particularly with metrics such as zq95, zkurt, and ikurt. It is concluded that both ALS and TLS are effective tools for urban forest inventory, with complementary potential. The combination of ALS's spatial coverage and TLS's structural detail can optimize urban planning and tree management, contributing to more efficient strategies for monitoring and managing urban green areas.
- ItemMadeira modificada termicamente de Eucalyptus grandis em sistemas fechado e aberto: relação entre a composição química e a resistência a fungos apodrecedores(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-30) Rupf, Anna Clara Oliveira; Santos, Mário Ferreira Conceição; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7815489824754185; Batista, Djeison Cesar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-2457; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2211842232280717; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8488-4412; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2082037532074009; Wentzel, Maximilian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5795-7589; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Rocha, Márcio Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-8478; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9030150856640630Thermal modification is a sustainable alternative that improves the properties of juvenile wood, including dimensional stability and biological resistance. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of thermal modification in closed and open systems on the chemical composition and decay resistance of juvenile Eucalyptus grandis wood. The wood was thermally modified in a pilot-scale reactor capable of operating in either closed or open systems. The treatments included untreated wood; thermally modified wood (TMW) in closed system at 150, 160, and 170 °C; and TMW in open system at 170, 190, and 210 °C. The thermal modification processes were assessed based on initial and final moisture content, process duration, and corrected mass loss (CML). The chemical composition of the wood was determined via wet chemical analyses (alpha-cellulose, hemicelluloses, total lignin, and extractives — total, acetone, and dichloromethane), crystallinity index by X-ray diffraction analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Decay resistance tests were carried out using the fungi Trametes versicolor (white rot) and Coniophora puteana (brown rot). A hygroscopicity test was conducted under climate-controlled conditions (20 °C and 65% relative humidity) to evaluate the equilibrium moisture content and the moisture exclusion efficiency. Thermal modification in closed system resulted in higher CML, even at lower temperatures, due to the effects of high relative humidity and pressure. Significant changes were observed in the wood’s chemical components, except for the 170 °C treatment in open system. For similar CML means, closed-system wood had higher contents of alpha-cellulose and extractives (total and in acetone). In comparison, the open-system wood had higher contents of hemicelluloses and dichloromethane extractives. All treatments reduced wood hygroscopicity, with the best results observed in the open system from 190 °C onwards. Decay resistance against both fungi increased with temperature, with the best performance achieved in the open system at 210 °C, classified as durability class 1 (“very durable”).
- ItemUtilização de co-produtos da indústria de celulose e papel no desenvolvimento de novos materiais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-07-19) Marcelino, Paulo Roberto Correia; Oliveira, Michel Picanço; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-0194; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6383844066460475; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-0920; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1327693141832879 ; Lopes, Felipe Perissé Duarte; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-6722; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1944239448019813; Amaral, Heliane Rosa do; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-6226; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532103635590392The pulp and paper industry, during its process, generates valuable products that have found applications in various industrial areas, with emphasis on cellulose microfibrils (MFC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and lignin. Cellulose microfibrils are fibers with nanometric dimensions, while cellulose nanocrystals are crystalline particles, both obtained from the cellulose molecule. Lignin, on the other hand, is a macromolecule associated with cellulose and hemicelluloses in lignocellulosic compounds. Both materials have been extensively explored in materials engineering due to their mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological properties. The use of these products is not limited to the pulp and paper industry but extends to sectors such as the textile and automotive industries, packaging production, among others. The innovative application of these materials has led to remarkable advancements in various fields, from the development of lighter and more sustainable materials to the creation of innovative solutions in different segments. Investment in research and development in this field is a way to find increasingly innovative pathways for the use of these co-products, providing both economic and environmental benefits. In this context, this work produced epoxy matrix composites with 20% epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) reinforced with varied compositions of CNC and lignin. The produced composites were characterized through mechanical tests of tensile and flexural strength, thermal analysis (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and tests for water absorption behavior, accelerated UV-C degradation, and FTIR. It is expected that these materials will influence various properties of the composites, but, above all, that the resulting materials will present characteristics that enable new applications.