Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Ofício N. 39-12/2007/CTC/CCA/CAPES de 31/07/2007 Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria Nº 656 de 22/05/2017) Publicação DOU em 27/07/2017, Seç. 1, Pag. 36.
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1424
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- ItemEfeito da modificação térmica nas propriedades da madeira de mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-04-30) Lima, Ana Carla Bezerra de; Batista, Djeison Cesar; Paes, Juarez Benigno; Garcia, Rosilei Aparecida; Oliveira, José Tarcísio da SilvaBrazil is recognized for having one of the largest biodiversity in the world. In relation to forest resources, wood is one of the main. The Brazilian monkey (Swietenia macrophylla) as a result of the exploitation, is scarce and, therefore, the reduction of the supply and increase of prices in the national and international market and also by being attacked by Hypsipyla grandella (pointer drill). Aiming to circumvent such problems was introduced in Brazil, the African mahogany (Khaya sp.). There was a good acceptance of the market, having characteristics similar to Brazilian mahogany and being resistant to pointer drill, motivating the growth of planted areas in Brazil. With such economic potential but with shortcomings in relation to works that address the technological knowledge of this wood. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of the thermal modification on the properties of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis). For both, were evaluated the sampling position of the pieces in the logs, in two levels and thermal modification temperature. The effect of the thermal modifications on the technological properties was evaluated on colorimetry; chemical analysis; physical and mechanical properties, and termites biological tests were carried out (dry wood and subterranean termites). For the thermal treatments performed (180 and 200 °C) a color enhancement of African mahogany wood was observed, and a more uniform color was obtained. Thermally modified heartwood became less hygroscopic, dimensionally more stable and less dense, at both temperatures (180 and 200 °C). The moisture content of equilibrium, apparent density and tangential swelling decreased with increasing temperature from 180 to 200 °C. As for the elastic modulus (stiffness), both static and dynamic, it was generally observed that they increased with the elevation of the thermal treatment temperatures (180 and 200 °C). The best temperature for the improvement of wood resistance to dry wood termites (Cryptotermes brevis) and subterranean termites (Nasutitermes corniger) was 180 °C, as it promoted higher mortality and faster death of insects. Finally the temperature of 180 °C was the most favorable for the thermal modification of tested African mahogany wood.
- ItemGerminação e morfogênese in vitro de Melanoxylon brauna Schott(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Silva, Elisa Regina da; Lopes, José Carlos; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Carvalho, Virginia Silva; Schmildt, Edilson RomaisMelanoxylon brauna, a Fabaceae native to Brazil threatened with extinction, is commonly propagated sexually, a low seed production is a problem in seedling production. Plant tissue culture is an alternative to the maintenance of braúna germplasm banks. However, there are few studies aimed at an in vitro propagation of braúna. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro germination and morphogenesis of Melanoxylon brauna by means of the organogenesis of juvenile explants. Chapter I. Experiments I and II: Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and Captan® 2% p.a. with and without residue, by different immersion rates, respectively. The following were analyzed: contamination; germination and normal and abnormal seedlings. Experiment III: Biotest of phytotoxicity of captana in lettuce. Lettuce seeds were exposed in Petri dishes with 2.5 mL Captan® at 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8% wt. an.; 0.01% glyphosate and distilled water. Germination; length of seedlings; cell cycle; nuclear and chromosomal alterations of the cells of the meristem root. The use of NaClO is not efficient in disinfestation of braúna seeds. Captan® for 10 minutes with residue, being efficient in disinfestation, allowed the seeds to express superior results of germination and vigor, however, showed toxicity and its mechanism of action in the lettuce cell cycle is clastogenic and aneugenic, which suggests the formation of abnormal seedlings in braúna. Chapter II. Three experiments were carried out: I. Proliferation of axillary buds with explants apex caulinar; nodal segment with axillary bud; nodal segment with two axillary buds and cotyledonary node in BAP (0; 4.44; 8.88; 17.76 and 26.64 µM). It was analyzed: number and length of shoots; percentage of budding explants; percentage of calogenesis and percentage of shoots by direct and indirect organogenesis. II. In vitro rhizogenesis of shoots with IBA, ANA and 2,4-D (0; 1; 2 and 3 mg L-1); III. In vitro rhizogenesis of shoots with temporary 10 immersion in AIB (0; 1000; 2000; 3000 and 4000 mg L-1). The percentage of calogenesis and rhizogenesis was analyzed; number, length and dry mass of the roots. The nodal segment with two axillary buds was more responsive in BAP cauligenesis (8.88 µM). The auxin concentrations of IBA, ANA and 2,4-D were not favorable for rhizogenesis. The IBA at concentrations of 2544.81 and 2607.52 mg L-1 promoted superior results in rhizogenesis.
- ItemForma do fuste e qualidade da madeira de eucalipto em diferentes espaçamentos e níveis de desbaste(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-26) Barros, Sandro da Silva; Vidaurre, Graziela Baptista; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro; Moulin, Jordão Cabral; Binoti, Daniel Henrique Breda; Silva, Gilson Fernandes daThe objective of the study was to verify the effects of spacing and thinning on the stem form and on the quality of the wood of a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. The study area has approximately 1.26 ha and is located in a rural property in the municipality of Sooretama, ES. The planting was carried out in May 2013, under a randomized complete block design with three replications, being evaluated six treatments: planting spacings of 3x3 m (T1), 3x2 m (T2), 2x2m (T3) without application of slabs; and 2x2m spacing with removal of 20% (T4), 40% (T5) and 60% (T6) of the basal area by the selective method. The thinning were made at 40 months. It was carried out at 61 months the harvesting of trees for the collection of the discs for analysis of the basic density and heartwood/sapwood ratio and made scaling to calculate the normal form factor and for the fit of the taper models. An identity test was performed to verify the equality between the treatments and, consequently, between the stems profiles. Five trees with a mean diameter per treatment were randomly selected and 5 cm thick discs were collected at the DBH and at the following positions: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height of the trees (Hc). Form factors were found varying between 0.46 and 0.50, where greater spacing and weights of thinning resulted in a smaller form factor. There was a significant difference between the equations fitted for the spacings (T1, T2 and T3) and between the equations for the 3x2m spacing without thinning (T3) and the thinning of 20% (T4). Among the equations of the weight of thinning of 40 (T5) and 60% (T6) there was no significant difference, which indicates that the same taper equation can be used to model the tree stem profile of these treatments. The average heartwood/sapwood ratio found was 0.32 and the basic density was 0.55 g.cm-3, with no difference between the spacing and thinning levels analyzed.
- ItemUma abordagem bayesiana para a modelagem do crescimento e produção florestal de eucalipto(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-26) Manhães, Letícia da Paschoa; Silva, Wellington Betencurte da; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; Binoti, Daniel Henrique Breda; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de
- ItemAvaliação da qualidade das superfícies usinadas de decks de Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Maciel, André Prata Villas-Boas; Batista, Djeison Cesar; Oliveira, José Tarcísio da Silva; Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro deThe production of wood floors in Brazil is relevant in the world, especially those produced with native wood. Therefore, it is important to diversify the production and search for alternative species, due to environmental and supply issues. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the machined surfaces of Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus grandis decks. Tangential boards with nominal dimensions of 30 x 100 x 3,000 mm (thickness x width x length) were used, sampled from the company stock where the work was carried out. The boards were classified by apparent density and moisture content, both at two levels. An S4S planer molder was used for the production of the decks, which had five axes and a nominal rotation frequency of 5,200 RPM*min-1. The feed speed (Vf) was analyzed in three levels: 15, 20 and 25 m/min for Pinus elliottii and 3, 6 and 9 m/min for Eucalyptus grandis. Twelve treatments resulted from the interaction among the factors apparent density, moisture content and feed speed, with 15 repetitions. The quality of the machined surfaces was evaluated by the methods: i) roughness with surface roughness stylus tester (parameters Ra, Rz, and Rt); ii) visual-tactile analysis and; iii) measured advance per tooth (fz). The analysis of variance (a= 0.05) in a factorial arrangement was applied to the quantitative roughness data, and the interaction among the factors apparent density, moisture content, and feed speed was verified. The grades (discrete data) of the visual- tactile and fz analysis were transformed into scores and analyzed by the Kruskal- Wallis H test (a= 0,05). For the roughness of both species, there was no significant interaction (double or triple) between the tested factors (P-value>0.05). The effect of the moisture content was not significant (P-value>0.05); on the other hand, the effect of the apparent density was significant (P-value<0.05). The effect of the feed speed was significant (P-value<0.05) for Eucalyptus grandis and, for Pinus elliottii, only for Ra. The company is recommended to produce decks with the highest tested levels of apparent density and feed speed. In order to evaluate the quality of the machined surfaces, it is suggested to adopt the visual-tactile analysis, with experienced workers.