Obtenção de híbridos de capsicum sp. com potencial ornamental e resistência ao colletotrichum scovillei
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Data
2023-07-25
Autores
Peterle, Mariana Almeida Dos Santos
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Peppers of the genus Capsicum have shown increasing interest in the ornamental plant market. The growth of its production and sale is related to the diversity of colors of the fruits, flowers and leaves, the compact architecture and the ease of harvesting the fruits. These plants are frequently affected by phytopathogenic diseases, such as anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum. Thus, it is necessary to search for cultivars that have ornamental potential and are resistant to anthracnose. This study aimed to carry out Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials for seven Capsicum sp. hybrids, to evaluate their reaction to the fungus C. scovillei for the future registration of at least one of them in the National Cultivars Registry (RNC). The trials were carried out in two periods of the year. In the morphoagronomic characterizations, 47 characters were evaluated, 32 qualitative and 15 quantitative, in 16 different genotypes. The different genotypes were composed by the hybrids, the parents and the commercial checks ‘Espaguetinho Ornamental’ and ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’. Anthracnose resistance tests were carried on unripe and ripe fruits, on the 16 genotypes and on the Ikeda controls, considered susceptible to anthracnose, and UENF 1381, considered resistant. In addition, questionnaires were applied to find out the preference of 50 respondents in relation to the consumption of ornamental peppers. Most genotypes showed an intermediate growth habit and the presence of anthocyanin pigment at the height of the nodes. Stem color varied between green and green with purple stripes. The leaves of the plants showed a lanceolate shape for most genotypes. Most plants had one flower per axil, and the corolla color was white, white with a violet margin, violet with a white base, or violet. The genotypes UFES 15, UFES 23, 15x89, 23x40, 89x15 and the control ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’ were more closely related to the quantitative traits related to plant productivity, and showed less susceptibility to the fungus C. scovillei. Parents UFES 29, UFES 56, UFES 87, UFES 89 and hybrids 23x56, 29x40 and 87x40 showed a greater relationship with the characteristics crown diameter, stem diameter, plant height and stem length. All parents and hybrids were precocious in relation to ornamental controls, with less days for flowering and fruiting after transplanting. The hybrids 89x15 and 15x89 were chosen as preferred by the interviewed public. Parents UFES 15, UFES 23 and hybrids 15x89, 23x40, 23x56 and 89x15 present a greater number of characteristics required for the ornamental pepper market. These genotypes also demonstrated greater resistence to anthracnose. The 15x89, 23x40 and 89x15 hybrids are good candidates for RNC registration, and the UFES 15 and UFES 23 parents can be explored in future studies.
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Plantas ornamentais , Valor de cultivo e uso , Antracnose