Agronomia

URI Permanente desta comunidade

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17348
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia

Centro: CCAE
Telefone: (28) 3552 8983
URL do programa: https://producaovegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGA/

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    Aproveitamento agrícola do biossólido gerado na estação de tratamento de esgoto de Jerônimo Monteiro - ES na laranjeira
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-11-26) Viçosi, Karen Andreon; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Sewage sludge, known as biosolids after treatment, is a residue from sewage treatment that can be used in agriculture due to the presence of nutrients and organic matter. Its use in agroecosystems is justified to improve soil properties, increase microbial diversity and promote the circulation of nutrients, being an effective way to increase food production. Although the use of biosolids in agricultural production systems is a great option for reusing this material, this practice still needs to be controlled to be able to provide some risks, such as the presence of heavy metals, pathogens, organic compounds and toxins in excess, which can cause losses in agricultural practice. Another possibility for using biosolids is as a substrate for seedling production. It is capable of increasing the growth and improving the nutrition of seedlings, facilitating the lifespan and the cost of acquiring substrates. However, the physical attributes of biosolids may not be specific to all species, requiring tests to indicate an ideal proportion of biosolids in relation to the substrate. One of the treatments that sewage sludge can undergo is liming, and it is essential to understand the dynamics of soil pH with biosolids fertilization. Unlimed sewage sludge reduces soil pH after 21 days. However, in general, the application of 80 t ha-1 reduces pH by 4.8%, 9.9% and 9.6% for sandy, medium and clayey soils, respectively. Limed sewage sludge presents high soil reactivity after seven days, with a reduction in the occurrence of alkalinization over time. In general, for sandy soil, the pH value was around 7.6, while for medium and clayey soils the pH value was 7.4 at the dose of 80 t ha-1. Sandy textured soils with lower moderate capacity, selected from smaller doses of limed sewage sludge to reach pH 7. Based on these studies, the prediction of biosolids in seedling production and orange tree planning was then tested. Citrus farming is economically important in national agriculture, and also in the southern region of Espírito Santo. Biosolids have the potential to be used in the composition of substrate for the production of citrus rootstocks, replacing the commercial substrate. The use of biosolids in the proportion of up to 60% for Rangpur lime seedlings and up to 45% for ‘San Diego’ citrandarin seedlings promoted better responses in relation to initial growth and plant quality. In the field, biosolids can also be used for initial fertilization of the crop. The application of biosolids at doses of 100%, 115% and 150% of the N recommendation for the crop improved the chemical attributes of the soil, such as P, Ca, SB, CTC, effectiveness and base saturation. The levels of calcium, SB, t, V increased until 9 months, while organic matter increased until 11.7 months. In general, biosolids did not promote an increase in the content of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and B) in relation to mineral fertilization
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    Bacillus subtilis BV02 e Trichoderma asperellum BV10 no manejo do Cancro dos ramos do cafeeiro (Coffea canephora)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-07-31) Silva, Sophia Machado Ferreira da; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-0300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The occurrence of phytopathogens in coffee plantations results in significant losses for coffee production, directly threatening the productivity and quality of crops. Among these diseases, Canker of Coffee Trees (CCT) is an increasing challenge, reinforcing the need for innovative and effective management solutions
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    Caracterização morfofisiológica e genética de progênies de Coffea canephora irmãos completos provenientes do cruzamento de genótipos contrastantes quanto a tolerância a seca
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2000-01-24) Cremonini, Gustavo Miranda; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Coffee is a plant and a product popularly known throughout the world. The genus Coffea has two widely known species: Coffea arabica, which has an Ethiopian origin, and Coffea canephora, which originates from an area that covers an extension from the Congo until New Guinea. Drought tolerance is a desirable characteristic in crops because it allows plants to survive and grow in regions with low water availability, or with problems of annual distribution. With the advancement of climate change and the increasing consumption of food worldwide, drought tolerance becomes a key characteristic to ensure food security and sustain the productivity that agriculture demands. The selection of plants that can tolerate water scarcity can increase the productivity and resilience of species under conditions of water stress, improve global food security, and promote adaptation to climate change. Thus, Coffea canephora has great economic importance for the state of Espírito Santo (ES) due to its productive potential and the quality of its beverage, which is consumed daily. The 12 progenies used in the experiment were selected from reciprocal crosses 109x120 and 120x109 between Conilon coffee clones with characteristics relevant to coffee growing, and it was found that clone 109 is susceptible and 120 is tolerant to drought. Of the 12 genotypes selected, 6 were preselected from the 120x109 population (3 tolerant – 3T, 6T, and 7T and 3 susceptible – 4S, 2S, 10S); and 6 were preselected from the 109x120 population (3 tolerant – 1T, 6T and 50T; and 3 susceptible 42S, 44S and 59S). The 120T and 109S parents were included in the analyses. Therefore, the objective of this proposal was to select Coffea canephora genotypes from crosses between clones 120 and 109, verifying the possible effects of reciprocal crosses 109x120 and 120x109 between Conilon coffee clones, with characteristics of interest for the coffee breeding program. Among the variables that were analyzed, the genotypes 1T, 2S, 3T, 6aT, 7T, 10S, 40S, 44S, and 59S stood out statistically in conditions of water scarcity, evidencing their tolerance to water deficit. In particular, the clones 2S, 40S, 44S, and 6aT, showed greater efficiency in water use compared to the others
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    Compostos orgânicos e adubação fosfatada na disponibilidade de P para as plantas
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-11-18) Souza, Inês Viana de; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The addition of organic matter to the soil plays an important role in reducing P adsorption by colloids, especially in tropical agricultural systems where soils have high levels of Fe and Al oxides. In addition, organic matter improves the chemical and biological properties of the soil, increasing the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compounds applied to the soil on P availability for corn and coffee plants using a conventional phosphate source and an organophosphate. In the first experiment, corn was used as a test plant with two consecutive cultivation cycles, each lasting 30 days. In the second experiment, coffee was used as a test plant, with a cultivation duration of 180 days. Both experiments followed a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications, following a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, in which the study factors were: two sources of organic compost (poultry manure with cotton residue and coffee straw - EA; cattle manure with coffee straw - EB); two sources of P (monoammonium phosphate - MAP and organophosphate - MAPBIO) and five doses of organic compost (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1), totaling 80 experimental units. In the corn crop, the leaf area (AF), leaf dry matter (MSF), stem dry matter (MSC), aerial part dry matter (MSPA) of the 1st and 2nd crop cycle, available P contents (Mehlich-1 extractors and water) and the contents of P, K, Ca and Mg of corn leaves of the 1st and 2nd cycle were determined. In coffee crops, the variables analyzed were leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter (LDM), plagiotropic + orthotropic branch dry matter (PRDM), aerial part dry matter (APDM) and P, K, Ca and Mg contents in coffee leaves. The results from corn crops showed that the application of different organic compounds (EA and EB) increased the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. In the first crop cycle, the organic compound EA with the conventional phosphate source MAP promoted a similar effect to the organophosphate fertilizer MAPBIO on the growth variables analyzed. In the 2nd crop cycle, the fertilizer MAPBIO with the organic compound EA promoted greater development of AF (1588.47 cm² pot-1), MSF (6.30 g pot-1) and MSPA (9.53 g pot-1), and with the organic compound EB from MSC (2.60 g pot-1) and MSPA (8.04 g pot-1). The maximum dose of 40 t ha-1 of the organic compound EA with the phosphate fertilizers MAP and MAPBIO allowed greater development of the corn plant. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EB with the fertilizers MAP and MABIO had no effect on the morphological variables. The coffee crop experiment concluded that the organic compound EB was more efficient in increasing the efficiency of phosphate fertilization, providing greater initial crop development with the variables AF, MSF, MSRPO and MSPA presenting higher differences of 28.64%, 34.20%, 46.42% and 37.54%, respectively, in relation to the morphological variables with the organic compound EA. The application of organic compounds with the conventional phosphate source MAP promoted similar effects to the fertilizer MAPBIO on the morphological variables evaluated. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EA with the fertilizer MAPBIO had negative effects on the availability of P in the soil and there was no effect of doses when associated with MAP. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EB with the MAP fertilizer provided the greatest development of the morphological variables analyzed at the doses of 23.90 t ha-1 (AF), 23.01 t ha-1 (MSF), 23.76 t ha-1 (MSRPO) and 23.20 t ha-1 (MSPA), with no effect of doses with the MAPBIO fertilizer
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    Desempenho de genótipos de milho : tolerância salina, adubação, produtividade e bioatividade de Corymbia citriodora sobre Sitophilus zeamais
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-20) Marcos, Rodrigues Agostinho; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Maize is a crop of food and economic importance worldwide, with the United States of America being the largest producers with 380,93 million tons and with a high average productivity of between 9 and 10 Ton/ha, exceeding 35 million, Brazil It is the second largest exporter and third largest producer of maize, behind only the United States and China. The State of Mato Grosso stands out with an average productivity of 6,338 kg/ha and production of 41,620,1 tons of grains, followed by Paraná, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais. The average productivity per maize area in the State of Espírito Santo is 2,955 kg/ha, ranking at the bottom. Among the problems that cause low maize production are inadequate fertilization management, the selection and planting of genetic materials susceptible to adverse environments (such as saline) and post-harvest pest infestation caused mainly by Sitophilus zeamais, responsible for grain losses and seeds. To prepare this research, 5 factorial experiments were prioritized, two (2) in the field and three (3) carried out in the laboratories of UFES-Alegre and Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological, morphological and productive performance of maize genotypes subjected to saline environment conditions, mineral fertilizer sources and alternative control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The first chapter aimed to evaluate the effect of saline concentrations on seed germination and development of maize seedlings, and it was concluded that the best response to saline stress was obtained in the White genotype, in all variables evaluated. The second chapter evaluated the physiological and morphological behavior of maize genotypes in response to the application of mineral and organomineral fertilizers and it was concluded that fertilization with organomineral fertilizer provided similar responses when compared to complete fertilization - NPK. In the third chapter, the nutritional status and production of corn genotypes were evaluated based on the application of mineral and organomineral fertilizer, and it was concluded that the hybrid AG1051 and the varieties Branco, Roxo, Palha roxa and Vermelho showed higher grain productivity when they were fertilized with NPK. The fourth chapter aimed to evaluate the host preference of Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize seeds. And it was concluded that maize genotypes present different mechanisms of non-preference and oviposition by Sitophilus zeamais, with Roxo genotype standing out, which presented antixenosis resulting from the effect of nutritional properties and seed hardness. In the fifth chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of dosages of Corymbia citriodora powders on Sitophilus zeamais in the conservation of maize seeds and it was concluded that the interaction between Corymbia citriodora powders and genetic resistance of maize genotypes constitutes a sustainable strategy for efficient seed protection for family and organic farming