Psicologia

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17534
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia

Centro: CCHN
Telefone: (27) 4009 2501
URL do programa: http://www.psicologia.ufes.br/pos-graduacao/PPGP

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    Diversidade de Interesses em situações de adoção
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-08-15) Amim, Isabella Dias; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; 1º membro da banca
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    Libertando o sonho da criação: um olhar psicológico sobre os jogos de interpretação de papéis (RPG)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-03-23) Miranda, Eduardo Silva; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; 1º membro da banca
    Role Playing Games (RPG) had been constantly criticized or defended in many forms, several times without a scientific approach. These kind of games appear in the playful behaviors of many adolescents. With the increasing use of RPG on education and more researches been developed in the area, it makes necessary a psychological approach of the matter. To make this possible, this work relates the speech of some players with intrinsic aspects of the RPG dynamics. A view of the RPG characteristics could be done with these data, as well as a look on the relations that the subjects make with the game and its possible consequences. The data were grouped in categories after some questionnaires and interviews had been done. The final results show the way of being of a small group of players of Espirito Santo's state and allows a psychological analysis of the characteristics collected. It was possible to evaluate what is the place of RPG in the subjects routine, as well as specific characteristics of the game that are of special interests of Psychology.
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    "Menina não entra": um estudo da segregação sexual na interação ludica de crianças de 8 e 9 anos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2000-11-24) Souza, Fabrício de; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; 1º membro da banca
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    Nos caminhos da roça: representações sociais e processos identitários entre jovens rurais do estado do Espírito Santo.
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Epifanio, Paola Zanotti; Bonomo, Mariana; 1º membro da banca
    Brazil is a country admittedly agrarian. However, farmers today are related to representations based on prejudice-generating stereotypes and consequent social exclusion of this group. Urban sociability, which is positively valued, has eventually become a referential way of life for social groups, and group divergence actuates so as to increase psychosocial split between the city and the countryside. Based on articulation between the Social Representation Theory and the Theory of Social Identity, this study aims to investigate the phenomenon of social identity in the rural sociocultural setting by analyzing identity and representational processes linked to social-territorial (rurality/urbanity) and gender (masculinity/femininity) categories among juvenile men and women in rural areas of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The investigation was carried out through four complementary studies: Study 1 (S1) aimed to identify the ratio of masculinity in the countryside of the State of Espírito Santo from Datasus data referring to censuses of 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 for populations aged between 15 and 24; (S2) aimed to analyze identity processes linked to rural social youth among young people in the State of Espírito Santo aged between 15 and 24 by comparing country and city and by assessing life project and future; (S3) aimed to investigate the social representations of rural young women and rural young men aged between 15 and 24, who attend rural school in the State of Espírito Santo; and (S4) analyzed the gender relationships and the dynamics of the labor world among young farmers who established family nuclei in rural areas in the State of Espírito Santo, with higher rates of masculinization (Boa Esperança and São José do Calçado) and feminization (Mantenópolis and Piúma) in the countryside. Considering the nature of the data and the objectives of each study, the following treatment was employed for the information gathered: (S1), calculation of masculinity ratio and computer software TabWin32 and Microsoft Excel 2007; (S2), Content Analysis; (S3), software program SPAD-T, through which factorial correspondence analysis and cluster formation were achieved; and (S4), software program ALCESTE, which provided Descendant Hierarchical Classification and Correspondence Factorial Analysis. The results found showed that subjects seek to break through negative stereotypes addressing the rural person and to highlight the values and positive coherence of the rural identity. Rural labor is central and constitutes an important identity element because it provides farmers with positive values and affect, even in face of the hard reality to which they are subject. Analyses also point out that the young farmer seeks social change by attributing new meaning to stereotypes about rural life and by claiming for the necessary improvement in the countryside. In conclusion, the rural setting has shown constant structural and demographical changes in the past 30 years, which have been strongly influenced by the labor and gender relations established.
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    O bem-estar de homossexuais: associações com o apoio social familiar, resiliência, valores e religiosidade
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-04-27) Campos, Lais Sudré; Guerra, Valeschka Martins; 1º membro da banca
    This dissertation aims at investigating the associations between the homosexuals’ wellbeing and the familiar social support, resilience process, evaluative priorities and religiosity level. To reach this goals, we conducted two studies. The first study aims at empirically investigating the association between the familiar social support and the homosexuals’ well-being, as well as other relevant constructs for the higher or lower level of social support, such as family religiosity and prejudice. The subjects of this study were 20 male and female homosexuals, 10 each, living at Vitória/ES, which ages varied between 19 e 27 years old (M=22,70; DP=2,47). The subjects responded to an individual semi-structured interview that was analyzed based on the content analysis technique. The principal result was the evidences of a familiar adjustment model to the homosexual members, from the coming out until the possible family acceptance, including the consequences of the lack of support on homosexuals’ well-being and the media and religion as complicating factors of this process. The second study aims to assess the religiosity, social support, resilience and values constructs and to investigate if they can be considered risk or protection factors to the homosexuals’ well-being. Furthermore, the study aims at presenting the correlations between these constructs, as well as evidences of validity adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale and the Perceived Parental Support Scale – Lesbian/Gay to the Brazilian context. To reach this goals, we analyzed the answers of 229 Brazilian homosexuals, mostly women (58,5%), with aging varying from 18 to 61 years old (M=24,02; DP=5,98), to a questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions and the scales: Escala de Bem-estar Subjetivo (Subjective Well-Being Scale), Escala de Resiliência Breve (Brief Resilience Scale), Questionário dos Valores Básicos (Basic Values Questionnaire), Escala de Apoio Social Familiar Percebido – Lésbica/Gay (Perceived Parental Support Scale – Lesbian/Gay), Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (Family Support Perception’s Inventory) and WHOQOL-SRPB. The main results point to the scales’ validation evidences; the correlation between familiar social support, resilience and some values as religiosity; and the majority presence of familiar social support, resilience, religiosity and interactional values among the homosexuals’ well-being predictors; and family inadequacy, realization values and the religiosity factor “admiration” among the homosexuals’ well-being risky factors. As a dissertation’s general result, we point to the importance of social support in the fight against prejudice, the resilience needed to overcome these difficulties, the values associated with the way homosexuals face these situations and the religiosity acting toward a source of peace and hope to overcome the difficulties, confirming the associations between all the investigated constructs with the homosexuals’ well-being.
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    O Valor da Vida e o homicídio para adolescentes em risco psicossocial: avaliação dos níveis de desenvolvimento moral
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-09-16) Borges, Luciana Souza; Alencar, Heloisa Moulin de; 1º membro da banca
    We aimed to investigate the judgment of adolescents at psychosocial risk concerning the crime of manslaughter and to ascertain the value they attach to life. We conduct personal interviews, according to the clinical method proposed by Piaget (1947/2005, 1932/1994), with 32 teenagers between 12 and 15 years old, half of each sex, served by two NGOs in the City of Vitoria (ES). From the findings, we found that, with respect to: 1) the characterization of the participants, mostly are attending the Basic Education, have already done paid labor, live with their mother, father and siblings or with their stepfather in their father's place and are linked to a religion, especially the Protestant ones; 2 ) to the true stories of homicides reported by the participants, all have the concept the crime of homicide; about the victims, they reported to know 168 cases, nearly all acquaintances, men, and more than half aged 18 or older; among those who mentioned only one victim or the ones who had to choose only one among the other reported there was a preference for acquaintances or relatives who, in majority, were also men 18 years old or more; there was a tendency of the reason to kill as being illegal drug usage or dealing, or discussions and disagreements in the histories of these murders, which have occurred recently (days, weeks or months) and mostly with firearms; many judged what happened as wrong (value of moral judgement, JVM) mainly because the offender could have done something different, the absence of reason why the victim died and because one should not kill, and with a very low frequency, because of religious reasons, but some assessed as correct because of a consequence of an action of the victim; about the offenders, they presented 107 cases, more often acquaintances, men, and a little more than half aged 18 or older; among those who had already mentioned only one offender or those who needed to choose only one among the others mentioned, we found a preference for acquaintances, who were mostly also men; there was a tendency for the reason to kill as being a consequence of an action of the victim or illegal drug usage or dealing in the stories of these murders; many judged what happened as wrong (JVM) primarily because the offender could have done something different, the lack of reason to kill and because one must not kill, and reduced justifications concerning religious reasons, but a few considered as correct due to the presence of a reason to kill; 3) the fictitious history of murder evaluated by the participants (offender having good or bad reputation), on the JVM, the majority regards the offense committed by the character of ill repute as wrong, because he could have done something different, for the lack of reason to kill or because one should not kill; the same judgment was made toward the aggressor of good repute, with a view that he might have done anything different or could have done something different because of his good reputation, and also because of the lack of reason to kill and religious reasons, very seldom mentioned; about guilt, there was a greater tendency to consider both characters guilty of the crime, since one should not kill, but some thought that neither was to blame because of a consequence of an action of the victim; on the punishment, most felt that the both offenders should be punished because one should not kill, to prevent the crime’s impunity because they could have done something different, besides the religious reasons, though rarely reported; as ways of punishment, most referred to custodial sentences, and in a lower incidence to others like being deprived of something they like and study more, justified on the basis of positive consequence for the offender, because one should not kill, negative consequences for the offender, to avoid negative consequences for the offender and so that the offender could reflect upon his action; as to the time of punishment, many considered a period of more than one month and up to one year and a half or two to four years, for the positive consequence to the offender, the consequence of the bad reputation of the offender, so the offender was be able to reflect on his action and because one must not kill; 4) the fictitious story of murder evaluated by participants (offender being drunk or not), on the JVM, many young people judged the offense committed by the man who was drunk as wrong because he could have done something different, by the consequence of being drunk and because one should not kill, the same judgment was reported with respect to the character who was not drunk, since he could have done something different, because one should not kill and as a result of him not being drunk; about guilt, we found a higher frequency to consider that both offenders are guilty of the crime, since one should not kill, although some have estimated that neither is guilty in view of a consequence of an action of the victim and the presence of a reason to kill; about the punishment, many thought that both offenders should be punished since one should not kill, but some assessed that none of the two should receive punishment because of a consequence of an action of the victim; as ways of punishment, most deemed custodial sentences, and less frequently, others such as community service, to be hospitalized for treatment and to be under house arrest, justifying on the basis justify that one should not kill, to avoid repeat offense within crime, by the characteristics of the offender and so the offender could reflect upon his action; about the time of punishment, most mentioned a period of two to four years, five to ten years and one month to one year, since one should not kill, to prevent repeat offence, by the consequence of the offender being drunk, by the consequence of the offender not being drunk and so the offender was able to reflect on his action; 5) to data in general: there was a tendency to greater appreciation of life, represented by the items offenders could have done something different instead of the homicide, lack of a reason to kill and one should not kill, most often mentioned, and religious reasons, to avoid repeat offence and so the offender could reflect on his action, least incidental; therefore the teenagers lead us supposing that in the context of the homicides (actual or fictitious) discussed in this research, such a crime should not have happened, because it is wrong, considering, overwhelmingly, the value that they gave to life.
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    Relações entre atenção e maturidade para a escolha profissional de estudantes do ensino técnico profissionalizante
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-21) Oliveira, Izabel Cristina de; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Attentional alterations may occur due to several factors and in several clinical conditions. However, when these alterations persist and cause damage in different life contexts of an individual throughout his and her development, we are faced with attentional difficulties. As some studies have shown, there are evidences that adolescents with attentional difficulties might have a harder time choosing a career, as well as entering the labor market in comparison to their asymptomatic peers. In the face of such evidences, this study had as an aim to investigate if the presence of attentional difficulties´ signs could influence the maturity level for professional choices made by vocational schools students. One hundred and forty three students (16 to 21 years old), enrolled in three vocational courses integrated into the high school program of a Vocational and Higher Education Federal Institution of the state of Espírito Santo participated in the study. All the participants answered the Psychological Battery for Attention Assessment (BPA), the Adult Self Report Scale (ASRS) and the Maturity Scale for Professional Choices. Among all those that participated in the study, fourteen were selected for an interview using a semi-structured guideline. All interviews were conducted based on the Piaget´s Clinical Method. After having corrected and tabulated the data from the tests and scales, an analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics tests. The interviews´ data were analyzed qualitatively, having as a result a category analysis. As a whole, the correlation analysis´ results between the attention general measure and the maturity total measure has shown that there is not sufficient evidence to affirm that there is a relation among both variables. The presence of attentional difficulties does not seem to influence the maturity level concerning the professional choices made by these students. On the other hand, during the interviews, the students explained their perceptions about the possible relations between attention and professional choices. Concluding, from the point of view of the statistical analysis applied there are not enough elements to affirm how influential the presence of attentional difficulties can be regarding the maturity level for the professional choices made by the students. However, the qualitative analysis demonstrated that according to the perceptions of some interviewees the presence of such condition may reflect upon the planning, organization and professional choices made by the students experiencing such difficulties