Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal
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Navegando Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal por Autor "Aguiar, Alexandre Pires"
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- ItemEstrutura da diversidade de Braconidade(Hymenoptera) em duas reservas de Mata Atlântica.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-01) Coutinho, Caroline Ferreira; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho deA comparative study of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) was conducted in two reserves in the Atlantic Forest, the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi (RBAR) and Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas (RBDB). Sampling was performed along a full annual cycle, using Malaise and Moericke traps. A total of 17 subfamilies were investigated, representing 3421 specimens and 403 species. Abundance, richness, diversity, faunistic similarity and, to a lesser degree, seasonality, were comparatively investigated between reserves and types of vegetation (i.e., Primary vs. Secondary forests). Abundance structure was similar between Reserves and between types of vegetation. Species richness was highest for RBAR (321 vs. 287 for RBDB), but the diversity in RBDB was highest if considering both traps pooled together. Faunistic similarity between the reserves was only 39%, with 40-46% of exclusive species in each of them. At nearly all levels of analysis, MP and MS were dissimilar, with MP showing higher values. Most species were collected during spring, but there was significant changes in species composition through the seasons. The results suggest that the observed structure of Braconidae biodiversity may represent a more generalized phenomenon in fragments of Atlantic forest.
- ItemEstrutura da diversidade Ichneumonidae em duas reservas de Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-06) Supeleto, Fernanda Aparecida; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Silva Filho, Gilson; Monteiro, Cecília Waichert
- ItemFilogenia e reclassificação de Trachepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-21) Stein, Paulo Rubens Wassem; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Soares, Elaine Della Giustina; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires
- ItemRevisão cladística e taxonômica de Messatoporus Cushman (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), com descrição de sessenta e cinco espécies novas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-25) Santos, Bernardo Ferreira dos; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Tavares, Marcelo TeixeiraThe large Neotropical and Nearctic genus Messatoporus Cushman is diagnosed, described, and its species revised. A total of 91 valid species are recognized, of which 67 are described as new. Messatoporus jocosus (Provancher) and M. rufiventrisCushman are recognized as junior synonyms of M. discoidalis (Cresson), a mostly Nearctic species with a high level of color variation. Messatoporus tricolor (Széligeti) is proposed as a synonym of M. variegatus (Szépligeti). Messatoporus nigrispinus(Cameron) is transferred to Prosthoporus Porter.A taxonomic key for species based on both sexes is presented. All valid species were described or redescribed and illustrated. New distribution records and distribution maps are provided. The validity and relationships of the genus are cladistically investigated using 162 morphological characters in a matrix with 25 species of Messatoporus and 105 outgroup taxa. Tree search was conducted using implied weighting, with values of 1–6 for the concavity constant (K). All analysis recovered Messatoporus as a monophyletic group, supported by 7–11 synapomorphies. The results also support the monophyly of the five evaluated genera of Osprynchotina, in a clade including also Dotocryptus Brèthes. According to the present redefinition, Messatoporus is diagnosed by apicolateral corners of clypeus projected; mandible long and tapered, ventral tooth much shorter than dorsal one or indistinct; transverse sulcus at base of propodeum long and shallow; anterior margin of propodeum concave; posterior area of propodeum almost always transversely wrinkled; spiracle at first abdominal tergite placed approximately at midlength; median dorsal carina absent; ovipositor basally cylindrical, apically depressed, with ventral valve enclosing completely dorsal valve as a sheath. A second analysis including all species of the genus was performed to evaluate the phylogeny at genus level. The character set for that analysis included 104 characters considered of phylogenetic importance within the genus, and used the same tree searching protocol than the first one. A distinct and gradual transition is detected, from species more similar to the remaining Osprynchotina to a significantly different morphotype with several convergences with the Gabuniina. These convergences are interpreted as adaptations to host location and substrate perforation, and may be related to use of more deeply concealed hosts. Because of the gradual nature of the pattern of morphological modification, and because the topology recovered does not allow the separation of the species in more than one distinctly recognizable monohyletic group, the division of
- ItemRevisão de Miobantia Giglio-Tos (Mantodea, Thespidae, Miopterynae), com associação molecular de sexos dimórficos e estágios imaturos, e descrição de quatro espécies novas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-27) Araújo, Marcus Vinícius Scherrer de; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Silva, Victor Athayde de; Azevedo, Celso OliveiraThe Neotropical praying mantis genus Miobantia Giglio-Tos includes six species with a complex taxonomic history. Although frequently found in the Atlantic Forest, little is known about these species and some obstacles make it difficult identifying these mantids, as the high sexual dimorphism and both sexes known only to one of the six species. This work investigates the taxonomic limits of the species of Miobantia through a cladistic analysis using 99 morphological characters, and sequencing of 700 bp of the mithocondrial gene COI for association of dimorphic sexes and nymphs. An investigation of intraspecific variation is also conducted based on a large number of specimens of M. fuscata (Giglio-Tos) to choose more relevant features for separation of the species to be used in taxonomic comments and identification keys. The male of M. aptera Giglio-Tos, and the females of M. ciliata (Stål) and M. fuscata are described for the first time, and redescription of the males of these and the female of M. aptera are provided based on much complementary data. Miobantianebulosa (Giglio-Tos) is proposed as a junior synonym of M. rustica (Fabr.), based on comparison of the types, including investigation of the male genitalia, and the species is redescribed. Additionally, four new species are here described: M. sp. nov. 1 sp. nov., M. sp. nov. 2 sp. nov., M. sp. nov. 3 sp. nov., and M. sp. nov. 4 sp. nov.; both sexes are described, except only for the male of M. sp. nov. 2. Identification keys are provided for males and females of all valid species, and figures of diagnostic features are provided for all of them. The species distribution is mapped according to literature data and 50 new records
- ItemRevisão de Toechorychus Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-24) Tedesco, Anazélia Magda; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Tavares, Marcelo TeixeiraThe Neotropical Toechorychus Townes is revised, cladistically defined and diagnosed; a total of 302 specimens from 14 depositories were examined; 40 species are recognized, 35 of which are described as new: T. sp. nov. 1, T. sp. nov. 2, T. sp. nov. 3, T. sp. nov. 4, T. sp. nov. 5, T. sp.nov. 6, T. sp. nov. 7, T. sp. nov. 8, T. sp. nov. 9, T. sp. nov. 10, T. sp. nov. 11, T. sp. nov. 12, T. sp. nov.13, T. sp. nov. 14, T. sp. nov.15, T. sp. nov.16, T. sp. nov.17, T. sp. nov.18, T. sp.nov. 19, T. sp. nov. 20, T. sp. nov. 21, T. sp. nov.22, T. sp. nov. 23, T. sp. nov.24, T. sp. nov. 25, T. sp. nov. 26, T. sp. nov. 27, T. sp. nov. 28, T. sp. nov. 29, T. sp. nov.30, T. sp. nov.31, T.sp. nov. 32, T. sp. nov. 33, T. sp. nov.34, T. sp. nov. 35. The other valid species are: T. abactus(Cresson), T. albimaculatus (Taschenberg), T. brevicaudis (Szépligeti), T. cassunungae (Brauns), T. stramineus (Taschenberg). The genus can be recognized by epicnemial carina usually not reaching more than 0.3 of distance to subtegular ridge; apical V-shaped sulcus at dorsal valve of ovipositor, anteriorly to apical teeth of ventral valve; subapical compression at ovipositor anteriorly to apical teeth of ventral valve; ovipositor sheath about 0.1 as long as hind tibia; and dorsal margin of pronotum strongly swollen. A key and descriptions are provided to all valid species, and cladistic analysis is provided, as well as illustrations and distributions. Published host records were compiled, and three new records are provided, as follows: T. albimaculatus is a parasitoid of Mischocyttarusdrewseni (Saussure) (Vespidae, Polistinae) new record; T. stramineus is a parasitoid of M. basimacula (Cameron) new record; and T.sp. nov. 25 is a parasitoid of M. collarellus Richards new record. A Neotype is designated for T. cassunungae. The genus is probably more closely related to Lymeon Förster and Acerastes Cushman
- ItemRevisitando a filogenia dos Scleroderminae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), com ênfase nos gêneros com 10 flagelomeros antenais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-03) Vargas Rojas, Juan Manuel; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Lanes, Geane Oliveira de; Almeida, Julia Calhau; Gonzalez Betancourt, Victor HugoThe Scleroderminae have currently 22 genera, seven of them have antennae with 10 flagellomeres. All the previous phylogenetic studied never accessed these genera in their whole range. Thus the main aim of this study is to revisit the phylogenies proposed for Scleroderminae emphasizing these genera, which correspond to the old sense of Cephalonomiini. For that, we analyzed 83 terminals of 21 genera of Scleroderminae and scored118 codified informative characters. Six new genera are proposed, described and illustrated as follows: new genera A, B, C, D, E and F. Twenty-six new species are described and illustrated as follow: A sp. nov. 01 from Thailand, B sp. nov. 02 from Madagascar, B sp. nov. 03 from Madagascar, B sp. nov. 04 from Madagascar, C sp. nov. 05 from Madagascar, D sp. nov. 06 from Madagascar, E sp. nov. 07 from Madagascar, F sp. nov. 08 from Madagascar, Allobethylus sp. nov. 09 from Vanuatu, Alloplastanoxus sp. nov. 10 from Madagascar, Alloplastanoxus sp. nov. 11 from Brazil, Discleroderma sp. nov. 12 from Indonesia, Discleroderma sp. nov. 13 from Thailand, Discleroderma sp. nov. 14 from Thailand, Glenosema sp. nov. 15 from France, Israelius sp. nov. 16 from United Arab Emirates, Israelius sp. nov. 17 from South Africa, Israelius sp. nov. 18 from Madagascar, Megaprosternum sp. nov. 19 from Mariana Islands, Megaprosternum sp. nov. 20 from Laos, Nothepyris sp. nov. 21 from Brazil, Nothepyris sp. nov. 22 from Dominican Republic, Prorops sp. nov. 23 from Thailand, Prorops sp. nov. 24 from Vietnam, Prorops sp. nov. 25 from United Arab Emirates and Tuberepyris sp. nov. 26 from South Africa. Additionally we describe by the first time the male of Nothepyris brasiliensis Evans, the female of Megaprosternum longiceps Azevedo and the first apterous male of Glenosema. Sierola depressa marquisensis had its status elevated and it will be transferred to Thlastepyris and the transference of Israelius amputatus into the genus B will be proposed. Scleroderminae are recovered as a clade with low but positive symmetrical resampling support and the character notauli straight was found as putative synapomorphy for Scleroderminae. The extensive homoplasy across the topology is regarded as evidence of the high morphological diversity in the subfamily. The monophyly of Cephalonomiini is not recovered. The clades recovered by implied weighting include the 11-flagellomered clades (Nothepyris + Discleroderma), (Chilepyris + Glenosema), (Solepyris + (Tuberepyris + (Alongatepyris + Thlastepyris))) that we call flat-bodied clade, a clade D composed mainly by 10-flagellomered genera, and two subclades D1 and D2, recovered by implied weighting, that appears to represent two different lineages. The symmetrical resampling supports as a clade the genera Discleroderma, Glenosema, Alloplastanoxus, Pararhabdepyris and Prorops. The recognition of Nothepyris, Allobethylus, Plastanoxus, Cephalonomia and Israelius as paraphyletic groups, reflecting their poor taxonomy. Israelius becomes a clade from the taxonomic modification proposed. Chilepyris is recognized as sister-group of Glenosema. The male-female association of Galodoxa proposed by Vargas & Azevedo (2016) is recovered and supported. Megaprosternum was found to be polyphyletic in relation to Platepyris and based on the description of a new species with 10 flagellomeres and large pentagonal prosternum is recovered as sister-group of Cephalonomia. Support for other lineages and their impact on the classification of Scleroderminae is discussed. Several character states are mapped onto the new phylogeny, especially the number of flagellomeres that was found homoplastic, and several considerations about the evolution of the characters are presented.
- ItemSistemática de Bethylinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-01) Ramos, Magno Suprani; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Monteiro, Cecília Waichert; Gobbi, Fernanda Tonini; Hermes, Marcel GustavoThe genera of Bethylinae are clearly different one from another. The most of Bethylinae species are known only by the female sex. Their taxonomic boundaries can be considered well established, except for Goniozus Förster. Undoubtedly it is the genus with the highest degree of taxonomic confusion regarding its boundaries. The important characters delimiting Goniozus are also shared by several Bethylinae genera, making classification uncertain and hampering understanding of character evolution and variation between taxa. This subfamily currently comprises approximately 540 species described worldwide classified in eight extant genera with low sexual dimorphism. The phylogeny of Bethylinae lineages has received attention by Sorg in 1988, Polaszek & Krombein in 1994, Terayama in 1995 and De Ploëg & Nel in 2004. In all previous analyses performed there is a basal polytomy among Eupsenella, Lytopsenella and the remaining Bethylinae genera. Here we aimed 1) to review the fossil species of Bethylinae, providing descriptions and illustrations when necessary. In addition, o provide a new key to the fossil species of Bethylinae; 2) to recognize, define and describe Afrobethylus as a new Bethylinae genus, its new species. In addition, to define their diagnostic characteristics, as well as provide a key to species of Afrotropical region based on females; 3) to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological data of the genera of Bethylinae drawing especial attention to Eupsenella and Lytopsenella relationships with the other genera of this subfamily; 4) to investigate and discuss the main diagnostic characters of Bethylinae genera. Examined material was provided by several institutions. The descriptions, character list, character matrices for cladistic analysis and key, when necessary, were elaborated with o software DELTA. The searches for the most parsimonious trees were carried out under the software TNT. Here, based on our results, we considered that the fossil genus Protobethylus De Ploëg & Nel, 2004 is a junior synonymous of Eupsenella Westwood, 1874. In addition, based on our rescue and compilation of whole the existing information in Bethylinae the fossil family Fushunochrysidae proposed by Hong in 2002 was synonymized with Bethylidae Haliday, 1839. The single genus of this family is Fushunochrysites Hong, 2002 and its single species F. eocenicus Hong, 2002 was established as its type-species. Here, we propose that the best placement of this monotypic genus in Bethylidae is into Bethylinae. Fushunochrysites displays on its forewing several characters that are also present in all members of Eupsenella. Moreover, Sinibethylus Hong, 2002 from Chinese Xilutian coal mine is here also synonymized with Eupsenella. Finally, the last synonymy of genus proposed here is related to Messoria that was described originally by Meunier in 1916. We here propose 10 Messoria as a new junior synonym of Goniozus and transfer its single Messoria copalina Meunier, 1916 to Goniozus. In addition, based on an unusual combination of characters never seen before to Bethylinae we describe Afrobethylus as a new Bethylinae genus. This Bethylinae genus is the unique excluviley Afrotropical. In the phylogenetic context, the resulting matrices contain a total of 61 species of Bethylinae terminals as ingroup, with a total of 43 characters were coded for males and a total of 87 species, 44 characters were coded for females. The resampling analyses based on both males and females returned support for a sister-group relationship among all extant Bethylinae genera. All genera were retrieved as lineages in both analyses, except Goniozus that was retrieved as paraphyletic in all analyses performed. Our most remarkable result obtained was the resolution of the existing basal polytomy in Bethylinae between Lytopsenella and Eupsenella with the other extant Bethylinae genera. In all analyses performed, these genera were retrieved by the first time as sister-group each other and separated from the other genera in all analyses performed. Based on our results, we discuss the main diagnostic characters of Bethylinae genera mainly present in the antenna, forewing, and finally by the first time in the male and female genitalia. In special, about the forewings in Bethylinae, we suggest practicable approaches to functional morphology to the venation in the Bethylinae clades. The present study is the most comprehensive cladistic treatment dedicated to the understanding of the evolution of the Bethylinae genera, and the first to consider a global sampling of species of this subfamily. We conclude that the morphological characters unexplored, mainly, of male and female genitalia might offer additional data relevant to more robustly estimate the phylogenetic history of this group. Here, we also promote a first step to direct and encourage future research in Bethylinae using the arrangement of forewing veins, flexion lines and male and female genitalia characters to phylogenetic reconstruction.
- ItemTaxonomia de Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera , Bethylidae) da Tailândia(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-22) Mugrabi, Daniele Ferreira; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Guerra, Tânia MaraThe Thai Dissomphalus classification is reviewed, and 29 species are recognized. Previously described species, D. browni Terayama, D. chiangmaiensis Terayama, and D. thaianus Terayama had their known distribution and taxonomic variations broadened. Dissomphalus wusheanus Terayama is newly recorded from Thailand. Twenty-four new species, D. epitus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. verus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. prilus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov.,D. daneus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. gabrus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. gionus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. cherrus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. julius Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. davus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. zethus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. hetus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. joelus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. nandus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. jubus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. kelsus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. turinus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. paulus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. barbus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. robus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. geanus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. magnetus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. lidinus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., D. mugrus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov. and D. ferrerus Mugrabi & Azevedo, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. A key to the males of Dissomphalus from the Oriental region is provided