Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal
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Navegando Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal por Autor "Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho de"
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- ItemEstrutura da diversidade de Braconidade(Hymenoptera) em duas reservas de Mata Atlântica.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-01) Coutinho, Caroline Ferreira; Aguiar, Alexandre Pires; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho deA comparative study of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) was conducted in two reserves in the Atlantic Forest, the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi (RBAR) and Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas (RBDB). Sampling was performed along a full annual cycle, using Malaise and Moericke traps. A total of 17 subfamilies were investigated, representing 3421 specimens and 403 species. Abundance, richness, diversity, faunistic similarity and, to a lesser degree, seasonality, were comparatively investigated between reserves and types of vegetation (i.e., Primary vs. Secondary forests). Abundance structure was similar between Reserves and between types of vegetation. Species richness was highest for RBAR (321 vs. 287 for RBDB), but the diversity in RBDB was highest if considering both traps pooled together. Faunistic similarity between the reserves was only 39%, with 40-46% of exclusive species in each of them. At nearly all levels of analysis, MP and MS were dissimilar, with MP showing higher values. Most species were collected during spring, but there was significant changes in species composition through the seasons. The results suggest that the observed structure of Braconidae biodiversity may represent a more generalized phenomenon in fragments of Atlantic forest.
- ItemSistemática de Apenesia: abrindo a caixa de Pandora dos Pristocerinae(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-01-13) Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho de; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss; Salles, Frederico Falcão; Almeida, Julia Calhau; Kawada, RicardoThe flat wasp Apenesia Westwood is a worldwide genus with high sexual dimorphism. Females are rare, without eyes or ocelli, wingless and small, whereas males are fully winged, robust, with developed eyes and ocelli, and are larger than the conspecific female. There are 191 species described, which are mostly known only by the male sex. Several nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are observed in Apenesia. Besides sexual dimorphism and females’ underrepresentation, the characters delimiting Apenesia are shared by several Pristocerinae genera, making classification uncertain and hampering understanding of character evolution and variation between taxa. Here we aimed 1) to test if Apenesia is monofiletic; 2) to delimit the genus cladisticaly based on morphological and molecular data (COI and 28S genes); 3) to associate males and females; and 4) to review the species of Apenesia, providing descriptions and illustrations when necessary. We analyzed 163 morphological characters in TNT. Bayesian Inference was performed on the concatenated molecular data from 1,553 base pairs of nucleotides through MrBayes. In both analyzes we used a species of Bethylinae for rooting the tree. Apenesia was recovered as polyphyletic with 10 distinct lines associated to morphological patterns. We mapped structural morphological characters from females onto the molecular trees to enlighten female morphological patterns in the groups and to recover morphological evolution. We conclude that females add a set of features that can help genera delimitation. Although historically considered as an easy genus to classify, the structural analyses and phylogenetic inferences report multiple independent lineages within Apenesia species, indicating high convergence within Pristocerinae. Based on our results, some nomenclatural acts need to be proposed: 1) two Pristocerinae genera will be synonymies with Apenesia lines; 2) two taxa need to revalidate their generic status; 3) eight new combinations; and 4) six new genera will be nominated. Apenesia is now defined as flat wasps having males with the mesoscutum gibbous, the genitalia with paramere narrow and densely pilose and aedeagus with ventral apical lobe elliptical and covered in warts. Females of Apenesia can be distinguished from other Pristocerinae by having the head wider than the mesosoma, the antennae is short, the mandible is long, and the clypeus surpasses the toruli in the frons. We also provide a worldwide revision of Apenesia with a redescription of all known species and the description of 21 new species. Finally, our data reinforce the problems to define Apenesia and other genera in Pristocerinae.
- ItemToxonomia de Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) do Panamá(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-20) Brito, Chirlei Dias de; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho de; Monteiro, Cecília WaichertThe Panama fauna of Dissomphalus is studied and sixty-four species are recognized, 31 are descibed and illustrated as new to Science: D. sp. 1, D. sp. 3, D. sp. 2, D. sp. 4, D. sp. 5, D. sp. 6, D. sp. 7, D. sp. 8, D. sp. 9, D. sp. 10, D. sp. 11, D. sp. 12, D. sp. 13, D. sp. 14, D. sp. 15, D. sp. 16, D. sp. 17, D. sp. 18, D. sp. 19, D. sp. 20, D. sp. 21, D. sp. 22, D. sp. 23, D. sp. 24, D. sp. 25, D. sp. 26, D. sp. 27, D. sp. 28, D. sp. 29, D. sp. 30 and D. sp. 31. Nine species are recorded for the first time from Panama: D. angulatus, D. galeatus, D. hirtus, D. infissus, D. personatus, D. pilus, D. politus, D. pronus and D. vallensis. Sixteen had their geographic distribution data broadened: D. bilobatus, D. brasiliensis, D. cervoides, D. coronatus, D. curvifoveatus, D. geniculatus, D. gilvipes, D. guttus, D. intradentatus, D. plaumanni, D. piscicercus, D. punctatus, D. rettenmeyeri, D. rufipalpis, D. strepsus and D. unitus. And eight species previosly recorded from Panama, were not found in the study material: D. altivolans, D. apertus, D. culteratus, D. declinatus, D. latus, D. ramosus, D. strabus and D. subdeformis. A key for Central American species of Dissomphalus is included.