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- ItemAnalise comparativa de algumas estruturas de filtros digitais de segunda ordem imunes a ciclos limite(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1994-08-19) Simmer, Ana Cristina Staut; Sarcinelli Filho, MárioThis work is a comparative study of the relative output roundoff noise variance performance for some second-order state-space structures, as a function of the filter bandwidth. The addressed second-order structures are used as building blocks for realizing lowpass, highpass, bandpass and bandreject digital filters. In this sense, this study complements a recent one, which just investigated the lowpass filter case. In both studies only narrow-band digital filters are discussed, regarding the well known good performance of the state-space structures in those cases. In order to compare the output roundoff noise performance for all spectra, new firstorder spectral transformations, derived from the well known transformations due to Constantinides, are developed, for varying the filter bandwidth of a parallel-form prototype filter. All this effort is justified by the importance of knowing the performance of the structures which are suitable for a desired application, what represents a significative contribution to the problem of designing digital filters.
- ItemUma interface gráfica de usuário para projeto e implementação de filtros digitais com processador dedicado(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1996-06-19) Machado, Arnaldo Cordeiro; Schneebeli, Hans Jorg Andreas; Sarcinelli Filho, Mário; Coradine, Luis Claudius; Pequeno, Mauro CavalcanteThis work describes a software platform developed in order to support the design and DSP-based implementation of digital filters. It is a WINDOWS program designed to run on a personal computer containing a DSP board. A card based on the 16-bit fixed point Texas Instruments TMS320C25 chip is used, which is attached to the ISA PC bus. The developed software is specially designed to accomplish three main features: the filter design task, restricted to the PC microprocessor, the real-time synchronous filter algorithm, running exclusively on the DSP, and the necessary information exchanging between both processors, and between the PC computer and the user, in order either to load filter parameters or to check for the filter input/output signals. In addition, the user may edit/view text files containing the filter transfer function or network coefficients, or edit/compile/debug files that contain assembly code for the DSP.
- ItemSobre o projeto de filtros digitais de segunda ordem imunes a ciclos limite(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1998-12-30) Camponêz, Marcelo Oliveira; Sarcinelli Filho, Mário; Calmon, Luiz de Calazans; Mota, Francisco das ChagasA set of three constant-input limit cycle-free state-space second-order digital filtersections were proposed in a paper of 1986, to be used as building blocks for cascade orparallel higher order filter design. They were called structure type I, structure type II (which isentirely identical to the first one) and structure type III, by the authors who proposed them.Those structures are different from other constant-input limit cycle-free second-orderbuilding blocks in the sense that they are computationally less complex. As showed in thepaper that introduced it, the structure type I is also a low roundoff noise one, when comparedto the minimum noise structure designed under L∞ scaling. Unfortunately, because thestructure type III is slightly more complex than the structure type I (its demands three two-input adders more to be computed), its synthesis procedure and noise performance were notaddressed in the initial paper. However, it was demonstrated later, that the structure type IIIpresents relative output roundoff noise variances lower than the structure type I for the case ofL2 scaled lowpass filters.Then, in this work, the structure type III is revised, and new strategies for designing itare proposed. Under proper design, it is showed that the relative output roundoff noisevariance is minimal. Both L2 and L∞ scaling are here discussed. Examples are shown tosupport the results presented.Finally, in order to stress the good noise performance of the structure type III designedaccording to the strategies here discussed, it is compared to the noise performance of someother filter structures known in the literature. The conclusion is that the new structure type IIIhere proposed is a good candidate for being the building block to implement high ordernarrowband filters.
- ItemSistema de visão para robôs móveis: uma aplicação ao reconhecimento de referências geométricas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1999-02-26) Freitas, Roger Alex de Castro; Sarcinelli Filho, Mário; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Almeida, Ailson Rosetti de; Rillo, MárcioThe availability of sensorial data is an important issue for the navigation systemof autonomous mobile robots. The robot needs information about its surroundingenvironment in order to make a decision on what to do when it faces an obstacle. Insome cases, it not only does need to detect the presence of the obstacle but also torecognize it. This way, it is necessary that the onboard sensing system be much morespecialized. For an agent-based controlled autonomous mobile robot, a sensing systemthat combines ultrasonic sensors and artificial vision is here addressed. It makesavailable information about the type of obstacle detected in the trajectory of the robot, aswell as the distance from the detected object to the robot. This external sensing systemis also able to avoid the generation of redundant and unnecessary information, besidesnot demanding too much computational effort to process the acquired images onboardthe robot
- ItemFormulação do método dos elementos de contorno com dupla reciprocidade usando elementos de ordem superior aplicada a problemas de campo escalar generalizado(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1999-03-12) Bulcão, André; Loeffler Neto, Carlos Friedrich; Oliveira, Paulo CésarThe formulation and application of the Boundary Element Method to problems embodied by the so called Scalar Field Theory are presented. In the formulation, it is used the Dual Reciprocity Technique to treat domain integrals for which traditional procedures can not transform the integral equation into an algebraic equation linear system, only involving variables along the boundary. The Scalar Field Theory is widely applied to several Engineering areas, such as: Thermosciences, Fluid mechanics, Solid Mechanics, Electromagnetism, Corrosion, among others. In the presented applications, the problems are physically interpreted mainly though Heat Transfer and Solid Mechanics. Besides, several analysis of problems ruled by Laplaceís, Poissonís and Diffusion Equations are presented. Basically, aiming to estimate the Boundary Element Method performance, certain parameters - which influence its results, such as the refinement level used in the discretizations - are varied and different boundary element types are considered. For such, the obtained numerical solutions are compared with the analytical ones, or even with those originated by the application of other numerical methods. In some cases, it is drawn a parallel between the performance of the Boundary Element method with the Finite Element Method, or either with the Finite Volume Method.
- ItemUma contribuição ao estudo do processo de projeto de empreendimentos em construção metálica: uma visão segundo a nova filosofia de produção.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2000-06-19) Moraes, Flavia Rosindo de; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Heineck, Luiz Fernando Mählmann; Oliveira, Marcel Olivier Ferreira deSteel construction first appeared in Brazil 50 years ago, but only in the last fifteen years has it been rediscovered by contractors and professionals that have become more interested in this kind of building technology. There are many factors which regulate steel construction development, but incentives are growing in order to increase the steel consumption in civil construction, because this consumption is lower than others countries. Talking about the industrialization of construction, the integrated design is very important and the New Production Philosophy (lean production) is a good reference theory for the design process improvement. Thus, the design process improvement is fundamental to enhance production process efficiency. The characteristics of the product are defined by the design and these characteristics influence production costs. This study starts with an exploratory research, looking through the definition of the case study focus. Aspects like market, costs, technology, planning, productivity, standards, design, waste, quality, labour and problematic topics about steel construction were examined and deficiencies in the design stage were noted. After this, the study investigates two design processes of steel construction projects, analyzing then in accordance with the New Production Philosophy. Finally, this study suggests some actions and policies for improving the design process in steel projects.
- ItemInfluência do cobre na ductilidade a quente dos aços(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2001-02-16) Pauli, Evandro Armini de; Cominelli, Oswaldo Guilherme; Macedo, Marcelo Camargo Severo de; Alé, Ricardo Miranda; Furtado, HenriqueThe influence of different additions of Cu and cooling rate on the hot ductility of steels have been examined, in the temperature range 750 a 950°C, at low strain rate of 2x10-3 s -1 . The effect of increasing Cu level has been found negligible to samples tested at high cooling rate. Samples tested to low cooling rate were more sensible to the Cu level variation, those having high Cu showing impairment in the hot ductility. Cu rich phases have been found in all testing conditions apart from a single one of low Cu and fast cooling rate where no Cu rich phases have been found. Those Cu rich phases apparently have little or no effect on the hot ductility of steels investigated.
- ItemCaracterização gravimétrica e comercial dos resíduos sólidos urbanos recolhidos em Postos de Entrega Voluntaria do sistema de Coleta Seletiva da Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória-ES(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2001-12-13) Laignier, Irene Thomé Rabello; Braga, Florindo dos Santos; 1º membro da bancaThis work aimed to characterize the dry and solid urban waste comercialized by Usina de Lixo de Vitória – ES composed of Voluntary Delivery Offices (Postos de Entrega Voluntária - PEV), implemented by the city of Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo. Fieldwork was developed along with the practical techniques of collect, transportation and a process of selection for later recovery used by the existent system, under tecno-scientific criteria. From the analysis of the results it is concluded that the waste from the PEVs of selective collect had in its composition 38% paper, 19% glass, 13%, plastic and 8% ferrousand non-ferrous metals and 22% discards and the utilization index of the recycle materials taken in the PEVs was about 77%. The acts of vandalism against PEVs are not very significative. Laterly was stimated the number of users that utilize the system of selective collect to dispose the recycle materials that they own produce. Finally was established a relationship between the locations of these collectors and their own filling in level. Because it is the first avaliation of this kind of collect, in the state of ES, hopefully that the results taken, come to contribute for a management and planning in case of expansion of the selective collect in Vitória or even in the implementation of this kind of collect in the other cities.
- ItemControle de robôs móveis por fusão de sinais de controle usando filtro de informação descentralizado(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-08-14) Freire, Eduardo Oliveira; Bastos Filho,Teodiano Freire; Sarcinelli Filho, Mário; Carelli, Ricardo; Schneebeli, Hansjörg Andreas; Nasisi, Oscar; Salles, José Leandro Felix; Bergerman, MarcelThis thesis proposes an alternative approach to deal with the problem of mobile robot navigation, which is called fusion of control signals. The proposed technique has presented good results when a robot has to execute relatively complex tasks, like it is shown in the experiments here presented. The technique is developed with basis on the decentralised information filter, whose equations are here derived from the equations of the decentralised Kalman filter and the information filter. Motion controllers available in the literature and others introduced here for the first time are used to produce the control signals that are fused using a decentralised information filter in order to produce the overall output signal to be sent to the actuators. A stability analysis of the proposed architecture is also addressed.
- ItemAnálise dos estágios iniciais da corrosão de aço-carbono e aço patinável expostos em ambiente marinho-industrial e rural(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-09-02) Oliveira, Luciano Sacramento de; Queiroz, Rogério Silveira de; Macêdo, Marcelo Camargo Severo de; Larica, Carlos; Bastos, Ivan NapoleãoASTM A36 and ASTM A242 steel samples were exposed for 4 months in marineindustrial and rural sites. The meteorological conditions and the SO2, SO4 -2, Cl- and TSP concentrations were evaluated during all the research period. The corrosion products were characterized by x-ray difractometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The samples exposed in rural environment showed g-FeOOH and g-Fe2O3, while samples exposed in marine-industrial environment showed a-FeOOH and g-FeOOH. Corrosion rates and thickness losses were determined through mass loss essay. ASTM A36 mass loss was larger than ASTM A242 mass loss. Simple linear regressions were performed for mass loss in function of time and multiple linear regressions were performed in order to produce equations for corrosion rates in function of environmental parameters for ASTM A36 and ASTM A242 steels. It was verified that Cl- and SO4 -2 ions were the more influent factors in corrosion of samples exposed in marine- industrial environment. There must be a competitive adsortion process between Cl- and SO4 -2 ions for marineindustrial environment. For samples exposed in rural environment, it was verified that pollutants probably don t influence linearly their corrosion rates. Therefore, meteorological factors as humidity must be more important to corrosion of steel exposed in this environment.
- ItemAnálise do comportamento dos pilares mistos considerando a utilização de conectores de cisalhamento(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-09-08) Bianchi, Flavia Regina; Sá, Pedro Augusto Cesar Oliveira de; Coelho, Luiz Herkenhoff; Menandro, Fernando César Meira; Rodrigues, Francisco CarlosThe steel-concrete composite structures are systems that involve the interaction of structural steel components with concrete elements to resist external forces. This interaction between steel and concrete should be guaranteed to ensure that loads are supported. As such, adhesion tensions between the concrete and the steel should not be exceeded. In cases where they are, the use of shearing connectors becomes necessary. The influence of the use of shearing connectors in composite columns is greatly undervalued in the majority of scientific papers, with its use recommended only in situations of high vibration. In this paper, the behavior of composite columns is analyzed with the use of shearing connectors taken into consideration through numerical analysis using Ansys programming and based on the finite element method. To achieve this, an ideal model that reflects the situation was adopted permitting as study of the element, the load, and the contour conditions adequate for usage. Composite columns with and without shearing connectors were modeled. A load was applied to each model with varying eccentricity to create an interaction curve defining the moment of flexion in function of normal force. From the interactive curves that were constructed, the importance of the use of shearing connectors was analyzed. This analysis compares results to data supplied by EUROCODE 4(1994) and the influence of different values for maximum adhesion tension of the last load of the composite column.
- ItemNavegação reativa de robôs móveis com base no fluxo óptico(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-12-11) Caldeira, Eliete Maria de Oliveira; Schneebeli, Hans Jorg Andreas; Sarcinelli Filho, Mário; Campos, Mário Fernando Montenegro; Rillo, Márcio; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Salles, Evandro Ottoni TeatiniThis Ph. D. Thesis proposes to perform the navigation of mobile robots using a sensing system completely based on the optical flow which is calculated from a sequence of two images acquired by a camera fixed onboard the robot. To check the feasibility of using the proposed sensing system, a control system is designed to give the robot the capability of reacting to environmental changes, while executing the wander behavior with obstacle avoidance. The control system uses only data coming from the visual sensing system based on the optical flow. No modification is required to the robot’s environment, such as adding suitable textures or adjusting illumination. The optical flow is calculated considering that images are acquired when the robot is moving ahead with a null angular velocity. Then, a segmentation algorithm based on the optical flow field is proposed and implemented to detect distinct objects present in the scene. The distance from the robot to each object is then estimated based on the time to impact calculated from the optical flow field. The control system uses the time to impact corresponding to each object to determine a new direction to be followed by the robot. It then sends to the robot actuators the suitable commands to change the robot’s orientation. Both the sensing and control systems are implemented onboard a Pioneer 2-DX mobile robot and are used in a set of experiments, and the results show that the navigation system implemented presents very good performance.
- ItemUm novo perfil interpolante aplicado ao método de volumes finitos em situações une e bidimensionais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-12-17) Santório, Carlos Alexandre; Oliveira, Paulo César; Loeffler Neto, Carlos Friedrich; Mansur, WebeIn this report, a new scheme of discretization for the method of finite bulks, called FLEX which was proposed for a simulation of problems ruled by differential equations as type of elliptic and hyperbolic. Its performance was appraised through tests from the literature of numeric methods and through tests developed for all the report. The new scheme showed features of convergence and compatible and comparable stabilities to the traditional schemes of Central Difference, Power Law and Flux-Spline . Its accuracy appeared to depend on the type de physical problem. Physical problems ruled by differential partial elliptic equations implied convectiondiffusion which owns a distribution of the variable flux like one purpose by the FLEX scheme which showed a solution with the level of the error minor, in comparison with the remaining schemes. In the traditional problems case of this class, where there isn t the presence with this specific featuring the results proved to be intermediaries. To hyperbolic problems even with a poor discretization within limits of finite difference to the transient term the new scheme appeared interesting features for a simulation of this kind of phenomena in the same sense to non-refined mails to converge to the solution of reference in the rate greater than the others two schemes which were mentioned here and used in the comparison.
- ItemImpacto da colonização do fungo Cladosporium sphaerospermum sobre a argamassa do concreto(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-01-31) Pinheiro, Sayonara Maria de Moraes; Souza, Fernando Lordêllo dos Santos; Cassini, Sérvio Túlio Alves; Silva, Moema Ribas; Shirakawa, Márcia Aiko; Silva, Maristela Gomes daThe understanding of the different deterioration mechanisms, which can attack the concrete, is highly relevant to predict, prevent or minimize the deterioration of the concrete constructions. Among the several deterioration mechanisms of concrete, the biodeterioration is one of the more recently observed. The full description of the biodeterioration of concretes is very complex and involves the necessity for synthesis of information from diverse disciplines and cross specialization. The main objective of this study was to observe the aesthetic and microestructural impacts of the Cladosporium sphaerospermum colonisation on the concrete. mortars. This work includes a literature review of the microstructure of materials, kinds of microorganisms and their metabolisms, types and mechanisms of biodeterioration, preventive measures and treatment against the biodeterioration, and techniques for analysing microstructure of concrete. The methodology used consists of inoculating the concrete mortars with spores of fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum, which produces a dark and large stain on the surface of the material (aesthetic impact). The impact of the fungus on the material microstructure was evaluated by using the following techniques: XRD, SEM/EDS, TG, DTA, chemical analysis and mineralogical calculation. These techniques allowed detecting the calcium carbonates solubilisation as well as the evidence of the beginning of a chemical biodeterioration of the concrete.
- ItemMovimentos de massa no município de Vitória-ES : inventário, caracterização e indicativos de um modelo comportamental(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-09-01) Salaroli, Iramaya Sepulcri; Castro Junior, Rodolfo Moreira de; Loureiro, Reginaldo Vello; Addad, João Eduardo; Sobreiro, Frederico GarciaThe phisiographic aspects, the intrinsic characteristics of the lands and the population growth that have been intensified during the last decade, resulted in a disorganized occupation on the slope, have brought the occurrence of mass movements in Vitória – E.S., mainly during the rainy periods. This dissertation focus the identification of mass movement problems in the city, through the study and analysis of a local inventory, characterization of the movements and the determination of the indicators of behavior. The inventory was realized through the register of 1122 geological and geologic–geotecnic accidents in the city of Vitória, during a period of 18 years, from 1984 to 2001, using Geografic Information System (GIS’s) as a basic tool of data register. The characterization of the mass movement involves the gathering of data from the inventory, in the form of graphics, and an analysis of the determination of the mass movement conditional factors in the city. The analysis procedure used in the determination of the indicators of behavior models used comparative methods based on conditional factors of risk, in order to obtain points of homogeneous behavior of the mass movement of Vitória. The advance of knowledge of the problems involved in the mass movements in Vitória looks toward the definition of the correct counter measures in mitigating the consequences, through the suggestions of the implementation of a preventive plan.
- ItemUm ambiente para simulação de dinâmica e controle de robôs com animação em 3D(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-10-16) Vilarinho, Alessandra Aguiar; Schneebeli, Hans Jorg Andreas; Souza, Alberto Ferreira de; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Wu, Ching TingThis work shows the use of the rigid body dynamic’s theory and the classic control’s theory as a base for simulation of robots. The simulation’s results are presented in an animation, in three dimensions, of the geometric model of the robot. This work uses theories and tools of Physics, Mathematics, Automation and Computation to solve a robotic’s problem: control and dynamic’s robot computational simulation with three dimensions animation.
- ItemO efeito da largura de Fetch no desempenho das arquiteturas super escalar, trace cache e DTSVLIW(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-10-29) Freitas, Christian Daros de; Reis Junior, Neyval Costa; Souza, Alberto Ferreira de; Schneebeli, Hans Jorg Andreas; Fernandes, Edil Severiano TavaresSuperscalar machines fetch multiple scalar instructions per cycle from the instruction cache. However, machines that fetch no more than one instruction per cycle from the instruction cache, such as Dynamically Trace Scheduled VLIW (DTSVLIW) machines, have shown performance comparable to that of Superscalars. In this paper we present experiments which show that fetching a single instruction from the instruction cache per cycle allows the same performance achieved fetching multiple instructions per cycle thanks to the execution locality present in programs. We also present the first direct comparison between the Superscalars, Trace Cache and DTSVLIW architectures. Our results show that a DTSVLIW machine capable of executing up to 16 instructions per cycle can perform 21.9% better than a Superscalar and 6.6% better than a Trace Cache with equivalent hardware. In the comparison between a DTSVLIW machine and an Alpha 21264 machine, we have shown that the DTSVLIW can perform 24,17% better than Alpha using integer programs, and 60,36% better than Alpha using floating point programs.
- ItemInspeção visual automática de mamões(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-12-17) Simão, Josemar; Schneebeli, Hans Jorg Andreas; Koo, Robert Liang; Loureiro, Getúlio Vargas; Salles, Evandro Ottoni TeatiniThis work shows the development of an automatic inspection system for papaya fruits. This system can measure the size and the degree of maturation of the fruits, and classify them accordingly. The regional sector of papaya production and exportation has grown and the use of an automatic visual inspection system can contribute for the production increase and maintenance of the standards of quality demanded by the consuming markets. The automatic visual inspection systems have often been an alternative to the traditional processes of inspection done by trained individuals. The main reasons are costs reduction and the guarantee of the quality standard assured by the inspection of all fruits in a lot. In contrast, human inspectors get tired with repetitive work and present inconsistency in the inspection criteria. The system basic structure is a conveyor belt carrying a continuous flow of fruits and a digital video camera, located above, which gets a sequence of images of the moving fruits. These images are processed and analyzed by a personal computer. The first processing stage is the conversion of color to binary images for fruits dimensions estimation. The maturation is quantified by a hue histogram curve of the fruits in the color images. Comparing with data in a database, that stores the knowledge of experts, the information acquired can be used to classify the fruits and set up a mechanism capable to separates them as necessary. The results had shown that a set of the simple hardware could evaluate the dimensions and the degree of maturation of the fruits despite illumination changes.
- ItemUtilização de parâmetros reológicos para verificar a aptidão ao desaguamento de lodos de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos do tipo UASB+BF's condicionados com polieletrólitos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003-12-19) Braga, Walace Marcelino; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; Santos, Jane Meri; Além Sobrinho, PedroThis research aims at the rheological description of the sludge produced by an UASB + BAF wastewater treatment works and evaluates the application of the rheological parameters on the selection of polyeletrolyts, and it’s optimal dose, used to increase the sludge’s dehydration ability. The tests with raw sludge included rotational rheo-viscosimetry, cup with a hole kinematic-viscometry, besides pH and solid contents measurements. The falling sphere rheo-viscometry was used on the raw sludge filtrate and sludge conditionated with cationic, anionic and non ionic polymers filtrate, both obtained through a Búchner funnel. This data was later compared with data obtained by classic methods, such as Specific Resistance to Filtration (SRF), Time of Capillary Suction (CST) and the solid content. The electrical conductivity and turbidity were also measured on the mentioned filtrates. The results obtained indicate that the rheology of the sludge produced on the WWTP - UFES agrees with the pseudoplastic model with shear stress limit (HERSCHEL-BULKLEI). The thixotropic model was put in evidence and the rheological parameters were found to agree with what was expected for this kind of material. It was also found that there is a good correlation between those parameters and the solid content in the sludge. The results obtained for the filtrate viscosity, as well as those from CST and the SRF tests, show that the cationic polymer is the best auxiliary in the dewatering of this kind of sludge. This research shows that it is possible to use the rheological parameters and apparent viscosity in the control of the processes involved in disposing the sludge in a way that does not damage the environment, once the tests and essays used in this research can be easily and quickly reproduced
- ItemEstabelecimento e hierarquização de indicadores de desempenho ambiental de operações ferroviárias(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-26) Cid, Eduardo Fausto Kuster; Zandonade, Eliana; Faé, Maria Inês; Sinay, Maria Cristina Fogliatti de; Castiglioni, Aurélia HermíniaThis dissertation aims to establish indicators for the evaluation of the environmental performance of the railway operations, as well as to establish a hierarchy among them regarding their importance given by specialists in the transportation and environment areas. A survey was carried out through a questionary that was applied to these specialists who gave scores, in a 0 to 10 scale, to 25 indicators. Descriptive Statistics and the Factor Analysis Method were used in the analysis of the answers and the establishment of a hierarchy among the indicators. In average, the indicator Accidents involving dangerous products of classes 1 to 4 received the highest importance, while the indicator unitized cargo that falls over the railway line was considered of no importance. With the help of the SPSS 8.0 software, factors were extracted from groups of indicators according to their degree of interrelation. The first factor, which presented the highest interrelation, gathers indicators related to the emission of noise, gases, and particulates along the railway. The used methodology may help the elaboration of Reference and Railways Environmental Management Systems.