Mestrado em Oceanografia Ambiental

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17532

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2007
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE(Portaria MEC Nº 609 de 14/03/2019) Publicação no DOU em 18/03/2019 Seç. 1, Pág. 63. Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Área(s) de concentração: Sistemas Costeiros e Marinhos
Url do curso: https://oceanografia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGOA/detalhes-do-curso?id=1468

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Variações quantitativas do fitoplâncton, com ênfase na importância e contribuição das cianobactérias picoplanctônicas, em uma região marinha de águas oligotróficas intermediárias tropicais, Guarapari-ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-08-20) Leal, Patrícia da Rocha; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Suzuki, Marina Satika
Composição e estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica de um estuário tropical (Espírito Santo, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-03-12) Nunes, Rafaela Aliprandi; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Dias Junior, Camilo; Bonecker, Sergio Luiz Costa
With the aim to analyze the zooplankton community structure at the Piraquêaçu/ Piraquê-mirim Rivers Estuary, regarding their temporal and spatial variations and tidal, monthly sampling between May 2008 and April 2009 were performed, during the neap and spring tides, in four sampling locations. A total of 64 taxons were identified, with Arthropoda being the most representative with 47 taxons. The most abundant species (88.32% of the total samples) were the copepods Acartia lilljeborgi, Temora turbinata, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oithona oswaldocruzi, Oithona oculata, Euterpina acutifrons, Paracalanus parvus, Brachyura larvae, Cirripedia (cypris and nauplius) and Gastropoda larvae. Average total abundance presented a defined seasonal and spatial pattern, with higher values during the raining period and at the inner estuary stations, however, no pattern related to tidal fluctuation was observed. Species richness did not show a temporal pattern related to tidal fluctuations, however, a spatial pattern was observed, with higher values closer to the estuary entrance. Diveristy and equitabilty did not present either a temporal or spatial pattern, nor in relation to tides. The Piraquê-açú/Piraquê-mirim river estuary is strongly influenced by the rainfall regime. Variability of the environmental conditions, however, caused alterations in the zooplankton composition, temporal and spatial distributions in this estuary.
Estudo descritivo da circulação sobre a plataforma interna e o efeito ilha : estudo de caso de Guarapari (ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-09-10) Guaitolini, Priscila Barboza; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Noernberg, Maurício Almeida; Bastos, Alex Cardoso
This study evaluated the circulation in the inner continental shelf along the city of Guarapari (ES) using data collected during the Victory 8B artificial reef monitoring. The goal of this study was to characterize and analyze the hydrodynamics in this region using three sets of ADCP data sets (June 23, 2006, 8 Mar 2007 and 26 October 2007). The current data processing included the exclusion of bad data, removal of the tidal signal using a barotropic tidal modeling information, the use of a running-average filter and trianglebased cubic interpolate onto produce horizontal and vertical maps. The results showed that average current were southwestward with most intense speeds in October 2007 (0.28 m.s-1) followed by March 2007 (0.21 ms-1) and June 2006 (0.19 ms-1). Cross-shore transects showed a two-layer ocean in June and October. The flow was directed offshore close to the surface and onshore in the remaining of the water column. Moreover the currents rotated cyclonically with the increase in depth. These patterns were similar to the upwelling processes along the coast regions. This scheme was not observed in March when the currents were southwestward from top to bottom even though the winds were northeast suggesting that an external force not yet considered in this analysis is driving the system. Regarding the island effect it was observed in all three data sets the presence of a wake caused by the Ilhas Rasas that maybe associated with the release of eddies, in accordance with the Island Parameter P estimated.
Efeito da frequência de inundação na estrutura do manguezal da Baía de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-03-11) Lima, Tatiane Matuchack Joseph; Chaves, Filipe de Oliveira; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Soares, Mário Luiz Gomes; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca
Inundation frequency and water table depth determine mangrove forests environmental and stressors gradients, consequently, mangrove ecosystem function and structure. This study analyses inundationfrequency, water table depth and salinity influencesin mangrove forests species composition and development in Baía de Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Transects were establishedconsidering structural heterogeneity. Plot method was applied to structure characterization. Microtopographicprofileswere obtained and estimated inundation frequency. Monthly, interstitial water salinity and water table depthwere measured. Rhizophora mangleoccurredin moreinundated and less saline areas. Avicennia schauerianaoccurredin less inundated and more saline areas asLagunculariaracemosa. The latter dominated in deep water table areas. Inundation frequencies equal or superior to 80% resulted in high structural developmentforests. 46% inundation frequency can be considered limiting, when there isn’t a freshwater source. Species distribution reflected mostly external factors, considering that studied abiotic variables explained 58,4%of structural variation. Zonation monitoring would indicate hydrological alterations resulting from anthropic activities and climate change.
Mapeamento de habitats marinhos no banco dos Abrolhos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-06-29) Secchin, Nelio Augusto; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Moura, Rodrigo Leão; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva
The continental shelf is composed of a tropical mosaic megahabitats that support a high diversity of habitats, and now have suffered from anthropogenic pressures. The development and application of geo-mapping studies of the marine substrate has provided increased knowledge of benthic habitats. The most important coral reef formation of the South Atlantic, Abrolhos Platform, does not have sufficient information to enable effective management. The present study aims at presenting a spatial distribution and characterization of the major fields of the Platform of the Abrolhos' megahabitats. To this end, we used data from direct and indirect geological research, with a combination of surveys covering methodological SSS, and echo sounder, ROV, and the basis for a hierarchical classification of megahabitats and integration with past data collected. Reaching an interpretative representation of the types of background of the region studied (50.500km²), the methodological application was able to generate a new vision for the Platform of the Abrolhos. We identified areas of reef megahabitat (17%), Rhodolite (51%) as well as the main features of each, with variations occurring in the distribution and occurrence in relation to the available bathymetric profile. A reef structures that occurs with the domain Rhodolite, the Buracas, is a particular habitat that may have a significant importance for the ecosystem of Abrolhos. The methodology was applied to generate a satisfactory representation of the distribution and description of marine megahabitats for the entire Abrolhos Platform. Thus offering a new approach to design studies of applied marine habitats along the Brazilian coast, is important for the space represented, contained in a unique region where there was a gap in knowledge about the distribution and characterization of this habitat throughout its length.
Caracterização da circulação e balanço do material particulado em suspensão (MPS) na desembocadura da baía de Vitória/ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-03-28) Garonce, Flávia Acypreste Alfredo; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Guerra, Josefa Varela; Ghisolfi, Renato David
Understanding estuarine dynamics is an extremely arduous task due to the numerous variables that can influence the system, such as tide, river flow, wind, morphology, among others. However, such studies are necessary due to the large use of this environment for navigation, creation of ports, fisheries, tourism, and a range of goods and services it provides. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of hydrodynamics and flow properties (SPM and salt) in the mouth of the estuary of the Bay of Vitoria. For this purpose measurements were made in four tidal cycles, two in spring tides and two in the neap tides, with seasonal variations between summer (rainy season) and winter (dry season), salinity and temperature with a CTD (OBS 3A) currents with a ADCP (River Surveyor). For the analysis of SPM water samples were collected. This water samples were filtered to obtain the concentrations thereof. From our analysis, this section of the estuary was classified according to the diagram Hansen and Hattray (1966) as the type 1a in springs tide and 2b in neap tide during dry season and 2b in neap tide rainy season. This corroborates the findings using Richardson layer number where the highest values were found during the neap tide rainy, it was the cycle that showed greater stratification. Although there were variations between the dry and rainy season tides was the main forcing controlling hydrodynamic processes in the estuary. Salt and MPS, there were predominantly imported, except for the spring rainy cycle, were exported SPM. In addition, the dynamics of the suspended material showed a nonconservative behavior, with no association with the current processes although lags interfere in the transport, it may be observed due to residual tidal currents (asymmetry tide) is mainly toward the sea. Furthermore, it was realized that the tide was the most active in providing through the suspension of the bottom, and the process of tidal pumping that allowed transport into the estuary.
Aspectos fisiográficos, sedimentológicos e estruturais do fundo marinho em uma área da porção central da bacia do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-12-17) Tschiedel, Flávio Eduardo; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Silva, Cleverson Guizan; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva
The development of industrial activity in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil) in recent years has been highlighted in offshore regions. The government agency that controls the activities of oil exploration and production in sedimentary basins in Brazil requires, for activities offshore, the geological knowledge of the seabed as well as geological structures related to it that may cause geological and environmental risk in the future. Engineering works in these areas are related to the development of the activity of exploration and production of oil primarily. The lack of knowledge of buried geological features and geological aspects of the seabed may hinder or impede the execution of projects in this activity due to unforeseen peculiarities. This work includes the identification of physiographic features of the seabed in the Continental Shelf and Slope areas in the Espírito Santo sedimentary basin. The area is about 45km away from the coast, adjacent the Doce River mouth. In order to reach the target, this study uses various analysis tools (2D and 3D seismic, high resolution seismic, seabed samples and wells) aiming at identifying seabed characteristics, involving structural and sedimentological aspects. It also presents a brief discussion about the applicability of the use of geophysical methods in this study, and a comparison of the uses of geophysical methods and their ability to identify the physiographic features of the seabed in the area of this project. At the end a predictive map of physiographic characteristics of the seabed is presented, identifying areas of salt influence and geological faults, channels and others. The area was subdivided into three regions, taking into account the predominance of physiographic features and geological risks they present.
Utilização de proxies geoquímicos para análise dos padrões de sedimentação na plataforma continental interna adjacente a Foz do Rio Doce (ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-04-02) Franco, Tarcila; Baptista Neto, José Antônio; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Rodrigues Neto, Renato; Fonseca, Estefan Monteiro da
In the Linhares city (Espírito Santo State), the Doce River empties into the Atlantic Ocean forming a deltaic feature on the Continental Shelf. The sediments that make up the delta come from the Doce River basin that is the largest in volume flow e drainage area in the State of Espirito Santo. Over the last decades the basin has undergone an intense process of occupation, processing e direct interference in the main channel. The objective of this study was to analyze geochemical proxies present at the Doce River deltaic deposit e determine a pattern of behavior by these depositional elements. For analyzes were performed sedimentological characteristics, organic matter e nutrients contents, metals concentration e sedimentation rates in cores collected on the continental shelf adjacent to the mouth of the Rio Doce. The cores were DT01 SOUTH (collected south of the mouth), DT02 NORTE (collected north) e their replicas, DT01R SOUTH e DT02R NORTE. The cores presented a composition of higher percentage of fine sediments in DT01 SOUTH compared to DT02 NORTE. The set of results obtained for water content, density e porosity identified a package of sedimentary recent deposition in DT01R SOUTH e DT02R NORTE sediments with higher compression. Being the points equidistant from the mouth, the highest sedimentation rates found in DT01R SOUTH indicate the major input of sediment to the South compared to the North. The C/N ratio in DT01 SOUTH was unable to identify the source of the organic material since the results were located in the transition zone between land e marine sources. In DT02 NORTH became clear the importance of autochthonous production as the C/N ratio was in the range of organic matter with marine origin. Cu values were close to natural with some exceptions mainly in DT01 SOUTH. The values of Pb exceeded the value found in the background on both cores may indicate a greater influence of anthropic contribution. Thus, the results obtained through the behavior of proxies in the delta of Rio Doce was possible to identify a preferential deposition of fine sediment carried by the river via the Continental Shelf adjacent to the South of the mouth.
Efeitos da exposição ao arsênio sobre juvenis de robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Centropomidae) em diferentes salinidades
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-04-17) Cagnin, Renata Caiado; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Rodrigues Neto, Renato; Bianchini, Adalto
Arsenic (As) is an metalloid widely distributed in the coastal region of Brazil, in particular in the state of Espírito Santo State, exposing the aquatic animals to its toxicity. Thus, to determine the toxicity of this element on juveniles of the fatsook C. parallelus by evaluating biochemical alterations is extremely important, since this is an important ecological and economical species. Juveniles of C, parallelus were exposed to 0,1, 1,25 and 2,5mg As/L (as As2O3) during 96h in salinities 5 and 25. The effects of As on antioxidant defenses CAT, SOD and GSH in gills, as well as the oxidative damage in lipids (LPO) were avaluated. Furthermore, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on brain and the oxygen consumption by respirometry after exposure were verified. With the chemical speciation of arsenite (iAIII) in test solutions, we draw a comparison between the arsenic behavior and the effective uptake by fish on assays. The high toxicity of As for juveniles of C. parallelus was confirmed by inhibition of the antioxidant defense enzimes CAT and SOD, and de decreasing GSH levels, the first line of defense against ROS. The loss of the defense mechanisms led to lipid peroxidation on gills in 1,25mg As/L and 2,5mg As/L treatments. Likewise, there was a decrease in the oxygen consumption, probably due to the deficit on energy metabolism caused by the oxidative stress. Inhibition of the AChE at 0,1mg As/L emphasizes the neurotoxic potencial of arsenic. Speciation shows the predominance of AsIII on the water samples of the bioassays, where a decrease in arsenite after exposure suggests uptake by the organisms. In all tested parameters, there was no variation between both salinities, and even no variations on chemical compounds, indicating the stability of this metalloid over time and tests conditions. This research provides unpublished data about the arsenic effects on C. parallelus, an important marine teleost, and highlights the necessity of biomonitoring As contaminated ecosystems.
Dieta e ecologia alimentar do boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) na região do banco dos Abrolhos, Costa Central do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-03-10) Rodrigues, Vitor Leonardo Amaral; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; Joyeux, Jean-Christophe; Ott, Paulo Henrique
In the present study the diet and feeding ecology of Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) from Abrolhos Bank region was investigated by analyzing the stomach contents of 42 stranding individuals, from 2003 to 2012. The food itens were identified at the minor taxonomic level by the prey hard structures (sagittal otoliths and cephalopod beaks) and also quantified by count, size and biomass. The bony fish were the mainly food resource of Guiana dolphin, followed by cephalopods and crustaceans. The overall diet was comprised by 37 prey taxa, being 33 bony fishes, two cephalopods and two crustaceans. The mainly consumed prey taxa were I. parvipinnis, S. rastrifer, Bagre sp., Macrodon sp., T. lepturus, e Mugil sp. The ontogenetic development of Guiana dolphin seems to affect their feeding patterns, so that, prey items consumed by juvenile dolphins were smaller and their diet less diverse compared to adult ones. The diet composition even showed a seasonal pattern as follow: cutlass fish (T. lepturus), squids and the shortfin-corvina (I. parvipinnis) were most abundant in the summer; catfish (Bagre sp.) and mullet (Mugil sp.) were most common in the winter/autumn and the star drum (Stellifer sp.) and king weak fish (Macrodon sp.) were predominant during spring. This study provides evidences of Guiana dolphin being a generalist and opportunistic forager in the studied region as it showed a wide feeding spectrum, low dominance for most preys and great diet variation between the individuals. Regarding the ecological classification, the mainly prey taxa of Guiana dolphin came from benthic demersal habitats, occur over soft bottom and present some estuarine dependency. Also was observed a great contribution of soniferous fishes to diet reinforcing the hypothesis that this small cetacean use audition or even passive electroreception to detect their prey. This study provides the first description of Guiana’s dolphin diet on Abrolhos Bank region and also gives important insights on feeding ecology of this specie as like: ontogeny, seasonality, feeding strategy and individual variation.
Dinâmica de um canal estuarino fracamente estratificado
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-03-11) Silva, Fernanda Nascimento de Paula e; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Vinzon, Susana Beatriz
The aim of this study is to describe spatial structures of tidal and subtidal flows in an estuarine channel under different hydrologic and tidal conditions. Estuaries are regions with major economic, environmental and social importance. Therefore, knowing the patterns of circulation in them is essential, especially because they are responsible for controlling biogeochemical environmental standards. Even though estuarine hydrodynamics have been studied under different oceanographic conditions, regions like estuarine system Piraquê-açu Piraquê-mirim (SEPAPM) are still unknown, making important to investigate which are the dominant factors that influence these environment. SEPAPM has well marked hydrological seasonality, weak vertical stratification, semidiurnal tides and a bathymetry with a deep channel followed by a plateau of? approximately 50% of the channel depth and 5 times wider. Therefore, a cross-channel estuarine dynamics were analyzed, seeking to determinate the tidal and subtidal flows as well as the bathymetry, wind and river discharge influence. In the estuary were analyzed: (i) the spatial and temporal structures of temperature, salinity and density, (ii) tidal flow, and ( iii ) both longitudinal (W-E) and transverse (N-S) subtidal flow. We used data collected in 2010 during two distinct seasons (wet and dry) in each tide period (neap and spring). It was determinate that this part of the estuary is weakly stratified, vertically and horizontally, and the tidal straining process is dominant for the stratification process in all sampling periods. The semidiurnal tidal amplitude and phase had a homogeneously pattern at the profile, although in the presence of high amplitude current it may occur horizontal shearing with the greatest amplitudes in the channel. The residual flow showed a clear pattern of gravitational circulation, even under different conditions. Nevertheless, over the sampling periods, the residual flow was dominated by friction in the dry season and the topography in the rainy season. The residual flux founded for spring dry was considered atypical and caused due to weather conditions. Finally, the lateral flow showed greater variation in different seasons, with opposite patterns, a counterclockwise gyre in the dry and a clockwise gyre in the wet. The sediment transport was also inverse in both seasons, occurring import of sediment during the dry season and export during the wet season, probably related to lateral flow.
Ecocaráteres e processos sedimentares na plataforma continental adjacente à desembocadura do Rio Doce (ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-03-13) Boni, Geandré Carlos; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Ayres Neto, Arthur; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca
The continental shelf close to the Doce river mouth, environment relatively preserved and possibly subject to future changes and/or anthropogenic interventions, was studied about yours echo-characters and sedimentary processes associated. High resolution data from sub-bottom profiling (3.5 KHz) were collected along 400 Km. Particle size and content of Calcium Carbonate were obtained of superficial sediments samples, and the results submitted to clustering and ACP statistical analyses. Good correlation was observed between the five sedimentary clusters and echo-characters. The echo-character A1 (penetration absent) were been restricted to deepest regions (35-80 m.) indicating marine sedimentary domains, associated to biogenic sedimentation (sandy to muddy-gravely-sandy bottom). A transitional/marine region (25-35 & 55-80 m.), with mixed sedimentary processes (sandy bottom), was indicated by the echo-character A2 (indistinct reflectors). The echo-character B (many distinct, parallel to each other and to the seabed reflectors) were been associated to higher levels of sediments consolidation (gravelly-muddy sandy bottom), reflecting riverine/coastal domains related to extremely environmental conditions (high river discharge with strong and constant N/NE trade winds). The echo-characters C1 and C2 (semitransparent layers with different resolutions) were distributed by the same sedimentary domain (but between 10 and 30 m.), in sandy-muddy to muddy-sandy deposits. Regular terrigenous sedimentation (constant supply and lower sediments consolidation) was associated to the echo-character C2 (shallowest and closest to the river mouth). The echo-character C1 indicated irregular terrigenous sedimentation and higher sediments consolidations, being associated to the action of cold fronts, for example.
Análise da resposta acústica em sedimentos marinhos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-13) Menandro, Pedro Smith; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Ayres Neto, Arthur
Submarine geoacoustics helps in understanding the behavior of propagation and attenuation of sound in sediment, providing an information set which assists the major data interpretation approaches. The detection of muddy deposit through high resolution acoustic records is generally easy, usually appearing as free reflection layers. However, this acoustic response depends on the frequency used and other characteristics of the deposit, even of the water column. The dynamics of these muddy layers may have influence in many areas, from engineering and harbor maintenance, to biology and studies of impact on benthic biota. The development of a rapid and efficient mapping method for these deposits seems to be a demand for knowledge advance of the processes involved in the transport, deposition and suspension. Thus, this study has two main approaches divided into two independent studies: i) investigate how the acoustic signal response from different sources changes with the frequency and sediment physical properties (grain size and density), and ii) associate variations observed in the acoustic records with sediment mobility over a tidal cycle. The dataset consists of high-frequency geophysical records ( 3.5, 33 and 210 kHz ) , sediment physical properties, in situ density , hydrodynamics and distribution of suspended particulate matter, which were collected at the North Channel of Amazon River . The first chapter showed that different survey methods at the same area can provide different results. Furthermore, the frequency and density were important properties to understand the relationship between surface sediment and acoustic features. The second chapter was an attempt to evaluate sediment dynamics through acoustic system, and showed that the changes in the processes of sediment transport were recognized by the ADCP and OBS allowing to distinguish the acoustic echo sounder records and to interpret sedimentary dynamic processes.
Manutenção do banco de plântulas em diferentes bosques de mangue na foz do rio Itaúnas, Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-14) Lima, Karen Otoni de Oliveira; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Cunha, Simone Rabelo da; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro
Mangroves have global distribution within regions of tropical and subtropical climates, providing a range of environmental and socio-economic goods and services. The impacts caused by the human population and, more recently, the shifts that will be caused by global climatic changes are topics of extreme interest to the scientific community. Faced with this future perspective, understand the ecological characteristics of the establishment and maintenance of mangrove seedlings becomes necessary, since the energies subsidiaries that operate on this system occur at different spatial and temporal scales. Ecology of seedlings dynamic require long-term studies because important processes would be masked once them could occur slowly, so when time series of ecological analyzes are magnified in scientific program, development processes become more explicit. This study was conducted in the mangrove at the mouth of the Itaúnas river, protected by Itaúnas State Park in Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo. In the mangrove three plots were demarcated in January 2008 along with the collection of data structure. Monitoring occurs since then, and monthly we have monitoring the density of seedlings, collected dates of salinity, temperature and precipitation. The integrated analysis of temporal population data is being conducted to determine which periods occurs higher mortality and ingress of seedling. Subsequently, we correlated these structural data with the environmental factors which affect the seedllings dynamics. These analyzes, we found that each cohort shows differences in density of ingress, survival and mortality of seedlings and may be related mainly to the accumulation of precipitation periods before the production of flowers and fruits of the forest. Also interpret that the species intrinsic factors regulate the establishment and seedling viability. This data series contributed to determining patterns of entry and survival of different species studied, allowing for the ecological diagnosis of mangrove forest in Espirito Santo coast. The recognition of the processes that prevail in each mangrove forest studied is essential to meet their development, this will contribute to appropriate actions for conservation and management.
Eficiência fotossintética nos manguezais na Baía de Vitória, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-05-12) Pascoalini, Sávia Soares; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Silva, Diolina Moura
The mangrove species have different mechanisms to eliminate the salt. Some of them are salt secretors species and others salt accumulators. These mechanisms give them to increase tolerance to salinity, as Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman ex Moldenke and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn, respectively. In contrast, excluders salt species that do this on the root level, such as Rhizophora mangle L. are more sensitive to the effects of salts. In this sense, our aim is to evaluate how was the behavioral to the most tolerant species in photosynthetic efficiency under different salinities and if such species will exhibit higher photosynthetic efficiency at higher salinities. Two mangrove areas, under different salinity conditions were chosen for the study, mangrove of Baleia Island (20.91 ± 1.25) and Aribiri River (27.13 ± 2.91), located in the Bay Vitoria, ES. A. schaueriana and L. racemosa had higher quantum yield of primary photochemistry – 0.90 (f P0) in Baleia Island. However, the highest values of the Performance Index by absorption (PI ABS) were observed in L. racemosa and R. mangle, 2.40 and 2.33, respectively. The total Performance Index (PI total) was higher in L. racemosa, 2.25. However, carbon assimilation (A) did not differ statistically among the species assessed. In Aribiri river, L. racemosa and R. mangle feature the best photochemical performance as seen in the parameters f Po ( 0.91 ), PI ABS (2.48) and total PI (2.20 and 2.33). However, the evaluation of gas exchange indicates that A. racemosa and L. schaueriana are more tolerant to salt conditions as originally conjectured, both have higher A (1.15 and 1.07) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Intrinsic (2.22 and 2.36) and Instantaneous (1.19 and 1.14), respectively. R. mangle demonstrates to be sensitivity to salinity when we analyze its carbon assimilation and WUE.
Avaliação do ITS1 e do ITS2 como barcode para Calanoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) marinhos e como marcador complementar para filogenia do grupo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-06) Rocha, Gustavo Martins; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; Milstein, Daniela
Calanoida is the most abundant copepod Order in the world, having recognized ecological and scientific importance. But the accurate morphological taxonomic identification of this animal group is not simple, requiring years of experience and practice, especially when working with specimens in larval and juvenile stages. Thereat, molecular identification through DNA barcode is an important tool for assistance the identification of these organisms on the species taxonomic level. The mitochondrial marker Cytocromo Oxydase I (COI) is considered standard for molecular identification of most animal groups, but it doesn’t seems as efficient for calanoid copepods. This study aimed to test the two subunits of the nuclear molecular marker Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) as a barcode for this animal group. We tried to sequence ITS1, ITS2 and COI from 105 individuals representing 14 families of Calanoida. Sequencing success rates of nuclear markers were much higher than those from COI (98%, 91% and 34%, respectively). In addition, it was found a gap between intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances for the nuclear molecular markers that allow grouping 100% of the sampled individual’s sequences with other individuals’ from the same species in monophyletic clades for ITS2 and with one exception for ITS1. Phylogeny of Calanoida, based on ITS1-ITS2-COI concatenated sequences, proved to be congruent with what has already been established in relation to the evolutionary relationships of species in the group. Despite the need for additional studies to confirm the patterns found here, we can conclude, based in our results, that both ITS1 and ITS2 are molecular markers that are easy sequenced and have enough variation to be used for DNA barcoding of marine calanoids.
Avaliação do estado trófico de um sistema estuarino tropical a partir do índice trófico TRIX
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-27) Bertoldi, Larissa; Barosso, Gilberto Fonseca; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Dias Junior, Camilo; Chícharo, Luis Manuel Zambujal
The estuarine ecosystem is located in the interface continent - ocean, with hydrodynamic, morphological, biological and sedimentary characteristics influenced by freshwater discharge from the drainage basin, and oceanographic processes. The Piraquê–açu and Piraquê–Mirim’s Estuarine System (SEPAPM) (7,48 km2), located in the district of Santa Cruz (Aracruz, ES), is predominantly situated in the valleys of Formação Barreiras. The SEPAPM has great importance, providing many goods and services to the local economy, as well as having a predominantly natural setting with no history of significant dredging and engineering works. Thus, is necessary to investigate it characteristics understanding the ecological processes to contribute to coastal zone management. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trophic conditions of SEPAPM through environmental variables chlorophyll a, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), percentage of oxygen combined into a Trophic State Index (TRIX). Influence of river discharge were considered on TRIX. Samples were taken at 10 sampling stations in the rainy and dry periods of 2012. Point data variables were interpolated in Geographic Information System - GIS using the Spline method. As a result, the trophic condition of SEPAPM show eutrophic trends (TRIX > 6). The SEPAPM showed significant spatial variation of chlorophyll a and salinity in the rainy season and percentage of oxygen and salinity in the dry season; Significant temporal variation of TP, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, oxygen percentage and salinity. There was a negative significant correlation using the Spearman test between chlorophyll a and salinity (dry and rainy), chlorophyll a and flow (dry), TP and salinity (dry), NID and percent oxygen (dry), TRIX and percent oxygen (dry), salinity and flow (dry and rainy) chlorophyll a and oxygen percentage (rainy), TF and NID (rainy) and TRIX and TP (rainy). There was a significant positive correlation for percentage of oxygen and chlorophyll a (dry), TRIX and NID (dry and rainy), oxygen percentage and flow (rainy), salinity and TRIX (rainy) and TP and flow (rainy). This work appears as a management tool for the steering committee of the North Coast Regional Hydrographic Center.
Padrão de ocorrência e uso de habitat do golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa (Tursiops truncatus) no estuário do rio Mampituba e regiões adjacentes, no sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-09-01) Di Giacomo, Amanda Baron; Ott, Paulo Henrique; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta
A bifurcação da corrente do Brasil no embaiamento de Tubarão e seu papel na formação de vórtices ciclônicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-13) Servino, Ricardo Nogueira; Azevedo, José Luiz Lima de; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Rigo, Daniel; Paiva, Afonso de Moraes
The transition region from the east to the southeast Brazilian coast, between 19°S and 21°S, shows remarkable geomorphological features that characterizes a complex shelf-break line. The Abrolhos Banks and the Vitória-Trindade Ridge’s (VTR) seamounts are irregularities that promote influences on the system of western boundary currents in this region, specially to the Brazil Current (BC), inducing its meandering and the developing of eddies locally. Confined by these structures around it, the Tubarão Bight (TB) is a region in front of Vitória (20.3°S; 40.3°W) that shelters cyclonic eddies which formation was investigated in this work as influenced by a bifurcation of the BC in this site. The bifurcation of a geostrophic current is a geophysical process of interaction between a jet and a continental boundary that results in the formation of two secondary jets – one in each direction – and that can be responsible for the developing of eddies inside partially confined oceanic basins (e.g Alboran Sea and Sea of Japan). The occurrence of this process was found inside the TB following the impinging of the BC on its continental slope, identified based on numerical modelling results derived from a high-resolution and refined topography simulation. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first description of such process in this region. This work’s findings suggest that the secondary jet deflected to the TB’s interior is necessary to the developing and maintenance of two kinds of eddies with different size, duration and date of occurrence. These eddies’ characteristics and the bifurcation’s itself were significantly linked to the flowing pattern of the BC through the VTR’s seamounts.
A corrente do Brasil no Embaiamento de Tubarão : Oceano Atlântico sudoeste
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-17) Martins, Tayná Rosa; Silva, Meyre Pereira da; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Dias Júnior, Camilo

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