PPGBIO - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Navegar
Navegando PPGBIO - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia por Assunto "61"
Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 180
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemA insegurança alimentar e nutricional : correlação epigenética do gene BDNF, status social e de saúde em agricultores familiares de café do Caparaó capixaba(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-17) Barbosa, Wagner Miranda; Silva, Adriana Madeira Alvares da; Paula, Heberth de; Paula, Flávia de; Simão, João Batista Pavesi; Santos, Marcelo dosBackground: The association between insecurity about food and nutrition (INSAN) and violation of the human right to food (HRFN) is already known. In addition, the association between work on small family farms, poor health conditions, and INSAN has been proposed in several countries. However, the impact of living with INSAN on epigenetics, including the use of methylation studies has received little attention. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, is important for the maintenance of brain functions, but stress can cause methylation of the promoter region of the BDNF gene, and this epigenetic change is associated with depression. Objective: To evaluate factors that might be associated with INSAN, including the methylation of exon I of BDNF and the living conditions of family farmers. Methods: Farmers from small family farms, 18 to 60 years of age, from 22 rural communities of 11 cities in the state of South Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil participated in the study by answering a questionnaire about socioeconomic characteristics, ownership and use of land, behavior, health, and working conditions. The INSAN evaluation was carried out using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Methylation of exon I of the BDNF gene was examined by methylation-specific PCR. Body mass index (BMI) and biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. Logistic regression models were used to verify factors associated with INSAN. Results: The prevalence of INSAN and methylation were 23.68% and 39.01%. The occurrence of INSAN was associated the methylation of the exon I promoter of the BDNF gene, Odds Ratio (ORa) = 5.03 (95% CI 1.98 – 12.83); extra work off one’s own property, ORa = 3.36 (95% CI 1.23 – 9.21); land size (hectares), ORa = 0.77 (95% CI 0.67 - 0.90); and number of real-life symptoms and/or diseases, ORa = 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.20). Conclusions: The occurrence of INSAN in the members of small family farms, correlates with the conditions of a higher methylation rate of BDNF, the need to work outside the home because of low income, smaller size of the property, and greater numbers of diseases/symptoms reports.
- ItemAdaptação do usuário de próteses mioelétricas : implicações na aprendizagem dos movimentos da mão(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-30) Costa, Regina Mamede; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Vargas, Cláudia Domingues; Zamora, Roberto Sagaró; Delis, Alberto López; Nogueira, Breno ValentimFrom the physiological point of view, the knowledge of the anatomical and functional structure of the hand is essential for the understanding of the ostheomyoarticular mechanisms responsible for the movements of the fingers and their relation to the grasping functions. When injury occurs in one of these structures, the hand can be impaired, losing all functions as in the cases of amputation of the upper limb. The use of surface electromyography to control upper limb prostheses is an important clinical option, which offers the amputated an autonomy of control through the contraction of residual muscles. The functional biomechanical complexity of the hand involves a large area of representation in the cerebral cortex. In general, motor learning aims to maintain existing skills, the re-acquisition of lost skills and the learning of new skills. The goal of this Ph.D thesis was to propose and evaluate the application of a new experimental protocol for adaptation to the myoelectric prosthesis based on the distinction of hand movement patterns captured by sEMG of the remaining limb of amputees using myoelectric signals (SMEs).Ten upper limb amputees of both sexes, mean age 38.4 years ± 14.58, were evaluated. The inclusion criteria were: (1) transradial amputation or disarticulation of the wrist, unilateral or bilateral; (2) show no neurological or musculoskeletal disorder; (3) present no restriction of joint mobility. All of them were previously assessed including aspects of identification, anamnesis and physical examination. For MES acquisition, four Ag/AgCl active bipolar electrodes were used (TouchBionic ®). All the electrodes were placed according to the SENIAM (Surface Electromyography for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscle) recommendation. To the MES digitalization, an National Instrument NI USB-9001 acquisition system was used, and to the visualization of the MES, a digital processing software was developed, with interface to Matlab. The experimental protocol established a total of thirteen movements, which were grouped into two categories: GA (individual finger movements and hands opening and closure) and GB (grasping movements). The participants executed the tasks in three consecutive days. Two schemes were defined for the data capture: training phase and validation phase. The data concerning the first session (S1) were used to obtain a model of mechanical learning to the patterns classification, and the second (S2) and third (S3) sessions were used for the system validation. Although all tasks were performed in the same experiment, each category was studied and analyzed independently. Effectiveness (Acc), Kappa Coefficient (k) and Specificity (Sp) were calculated to evaluate the performance of each classifier of the executed movement. Positive-Negative Measurement (PNM) indicator was used to measure the performance of the thirteen proposed movements, and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) was used to assess the extent to which individual objectives of each user were reached during the intervention. During the sessions, there were differences in the performance of the subjects during the proposed movements, which means that some participants could easily maintain repeated patterns, even with few training sessions, while others may need a longer training time to ensure good performance. Regarding the results of effectiveness, specificity, Kappa coefficient and PNM, the fact that the tasks of group A are simpler may explain the better performance of the volunteers in this group of tasks in relation to the performance in the tasks of group B (GB). On the other hand, the values obtained by GAS showed a satisfactory amount of correctness for the objectives outlined. Thus, this study showed that the subjects were able to perform muscular contractions, that is, perform the same movement with distinguishable MES patterns in the three experimental sessions, therefore, the proposed experimental design was validated in all the amputees of this study.
- ItemAlta pressão hidrostática como ferramenta de seleção direcionada em S. cerevisiae para produção de etanol 2g pela casca de coco verde(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-11) Santos, Luiza Favarato; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; Torres, Fernando Araripe GonçalvesThe green coconut shell is a pollutant residue of the environment generated to tons in Brazil and that brings several environmental problems in its disposal. Therefore, using it for the production of renewable energy is an important sustainable solution for the mitigation of the environmental impact and for the generation of energy. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents one of the microorganisms most used in the fermentation industries for the production of biofuels from lignocellulolytic residues. There are already on the market strains of this yeast capable of degrading lignocellulolytic residues, which have been developed to increase the yield of the process, making it feasible financially on an industrial scale. The high pressure hydrostatic (HHP) is a tool that simulates three types of different stresses in the yeast: the ethyl, the thermal and the oxidative, which are very common in fermentation dornas. In addition, studies have shown that fermentation occurs more rapidly when the yeast is under HHP. Therefore, HHP can be used as a targeted selection tool to obtain a strain with higher fermentation capacity and greater resistance to fermentation stresses, increasing the yield of the process. The aim of this work was to apply a selective pressure to the S. cerevisiae strain G2-104 using high hydrostatic pressure in order to obtain a strain with a higher fermentation capacity in green coconut shell culture medium, to increase the yield of the second generation ethanol production process.
- ItemAlteração de expressão gênica em células mononucleares do sangue periférico humano submetidas à exposição com herbicida à base de glifosato(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-06-27) Agostini, Lidiane Pignaton; Louro, Iúri Drumond; Paula, Flávia de; Guimarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; Vasallo, Dalton Valentim; Errera, Flávia Ambroisi ValleGlyphosate is a post-emergent, non-selective and systemic herbicide. In the creating process of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) such as Roundup®, surfactants are added to improve efficiency. The priority route of glyphosate’s degradation in soil results in aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Molecular responses to glyphosate were analyzed in some species of plants and in some vertebrates. In humans, it is not known exactly what risks and mechanisms of action would explain glyphosate’s toxicity reported in some experiments. The hypothesis is that fast exposure to Roundup® and AMPA leads to the differentiated expression of genes related to important cellular processes. Thus, the aim was identified these genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells when exposed to Roundup® and AMPA. The MTT [3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test was performed in triplicates to evaluate cell viability and the choice of treatment conditions used in the microarray technique (GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0, Affymetrix). Eight chips were used: 3 for controls, 3 for AMPA (10 mM) and 2 for Roundup® (0.05%). The exposure time was 3 hours. Using a p <0.05 and a fold-change of ≥1.5 and ≤ −1.5, there were 26 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified after Roundup® exposure (3h; 0.05%) and 5 DEGs after AMPA treatment (3h; 10 mM). DEGs after Roundup® treatment showed association with 33 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular processes (enrichment analysis), mainly related to regulation. Pathview web was used to identify the effect off DEGs in different pathways. Only genes differentially expressed in Roundup® treatment were included in the pathways. TNF, LTA, TAB2 and ATM genes are related to NF-kappa B signaling pathway; BCL2L11 and ATM genes to FoxO signaling pathway; SESN3 and ATM genes to p53 signaling pathway; and TNF, BCL2L11 and ATM genes to apoptosis. Our results suggest that Roundup® change expression pattern of a several genes associated with cell cycle control, cellular processes regulation and apoptosis.
- ItemAlterações na atividade fotossintética em folhas do mamoeiro ‘Golden’ infectadas com PMeV, detectadas por meio da fluorescência da clorofila a(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-13) Hernández, Karla Verónica Alvarado; Silva, Diolina Moura; Moura, Andrea Bittencourt; Ventura, José Aires; Falqueto, Antelmo RalphPapaya (Carica papaya l.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world due to its nutritional, pharmaceutical and use in the food and cosmetic industry. In Brazil, the second producer of papaya in the world, the production has been severely affected by meleira, disease which is caused by the complex of Papaya meleira virus (PMeV and PMeV2). In order to analyze the changes in photosynthetic activity in 'Golden' papaya leaves infected and not infected by PMeV, the experiment was carried out in which three groups of plants were evaluated: Control, without inoculation; Inoculated with sodium phosphate buffer (Treatment = ↓ [𝑃𝑀𝑒𝑉2]) and inoculated with sodium phosphate buffer and latex harvested from plants with meleira symptoms (Treatment = ↑[PMeV2]). The chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was used as a tool. There was a significant increase in quantum photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II (Y (II)) and an increase in the quantum yield of the regulated non-photochemical energy loss (Y (NPQ)) in the inoculated plants. At the same time, transient fluorescence curves showed greater efficiency in the reduction of the primary (Quinone A) and secondary (Quinone B) acceptors of electrons in photosystem II and greater efficiency of reduction of the plastoquinone pool and, consequently, greater efficiency in the reduction of acceptors of the Citb6f complex. The presence of two PMeV viruses and PMeV2 confirmed the presence of two PMeV viruses. A higher photochemical performance index (PItotal) was observed in the plants with the highest viral load from the 35th day after inoculation (DAI), and at 49 DAI, an increase in the reduction activity of photosystem I and PItotal was observed in plants with higher viral load and intermediate values in plants with lower viral load. These results suggest a defensive response of papaya cv. Golden to infection and confirm the presence of the two viruses, PMeV and PMeV2. Therefore, this technique proved to be a tool with great potential as a simple and fast method to study the interaction plant x pathogen and as the mechanisms of virus infection in plants and could also be used to detect the changes in photosynthetic activity in papaya infected with PMeV and PMeV2.
- ItemAlterações na parede celular e no metabolismo energético de Saccharomyces cerevisiae submetida à alta pressão hidrostática(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-20) Carneiro, Tárcio; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Fernandes, Antonio Alberto Ribeiro; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; Zingali, Russolina BenedetaYeasts are one of the most important organisms in the processes of industrial biotechnology. Its great fermentative capacity and considered as a genetically safe organism, made this organism one of the first to be domesticated by the human being. Among its applications are not only its products generated from the fermentation, but also its cell itself, which moves a market ranging from organic yeast to yeast paste for human consumption. Understanding not only the fermentative process, but also the respiratory process are necessary. The production processes in which the yeasts are employed expose them to abiotic stresses of different types, such as temperature variation, pH, salinity and others. High hydrostatic pressure is now an important methodology in the study of its effects on the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acting as a model of stress. The understanding of this phenomenon on cells has helped not only to understand the processes of response to stress, but also its use as an important tool in industrial application. Atomic force microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microarray data were used to characterize the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its energy metabolism. For the production of the experiments, BT0510 cells were submitted to high hydrostatic pressure (50 to 200 MPa) for 30 minutes and then analyzed by atomic force microscopy and in another experiment the cells were subjected to a pressure of 50MPa for 30 minutes and facing to agitation. The results showed the appearance of resistance bands in the cell wall at pressures of 100, 150 and 200 MPa, indicating possible fracture points, which leads to lesions that compromise its viability. At pressures of 50MPa the variation of the resistance of the cell wall resembles the control, which shows that this pressure is of sublethal character, not interfering so expressively in the cellular mortality. The response to 50 MPa treatment was then analyzed in the long term by HPLC, with collection points at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 36 and 60 hours after application of pressure. The results show high affinity with microarray generated data, where the cells increase the rate of glucose consumption in the fermentative phase (1 to 12 hours) as well as higher ethanol production. The cells also showed a greater efficiency in the ethanol metabolism which generated an increase in the cell mass in the cells treated with pressure. It was demonstrated that high hydrostatic 6 pressure has industrial application in cellular mass acquisition processes as in the production of biological yeast, thus showing the biotechnological capacity of the use of this stress mechanism and generating the deposit of the patent "Process for the increase of cellular mass in yeasts using high hydrostatic pressures ".
- ItemAnálise da expressão de genes relacionados à adipogênese e à inflamação em tecido adiposo de mulheres com obesidade grau III(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-04-29) Dasilio, Karine Lourenzone de Araujo; Errera, Flavia Imbroisi Valle; Paula, Flávia de; Louro, Iuri Drumond; Nogueira, Breno Valetim; Guiomarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; Costalonga, Everlayny Fiorot; Pereira, Thiago de Melo CostaObesity is a chronic condition defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that impairs health. Overweight is an important risk factor for mortality and is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Deposits of white adipose tissue (WAT), such as subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT), are biologically distinct, consequently, exhibited different biological effects on the health. WAT produces and secretes a variety of adipokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), that are important in several cell functions, including angiogenesis, inflammation and adipogenesis. Alterations in adipokines expression might contribute to the onset of co-morbidities of obesity. The activation of wingless-type (WNT)/β-catenin pathway inhibits of adipogenesis via the blockade of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), which are essential transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Evidence showed that non-fibrillar collagen XVIII (COL18A1), a protein of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to be active in adipogenesis. The aim of this study was, through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, evaluate the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation in SAT and VAT of women with severe obesity. The main results showed that i) the expression of the gene CEBPA in SAT is higher than in VAT of women with obesity ii) SAT CEBPA gene expression is higher in obese women with T2DM/IGT than in obese women with normal tolerance glucose tolerance (NGT), iii) the expression of SFRP1 gene in VAT was lower in women with T2D/IGT than those with NGT, iv) VAT COL18A1 gene expression was associated with better HDL levels and tolerance glucose. These results showed that the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation differs in distinct WAT deposits and the expression of these genes were correlated with the metabolic parameters in obese individuals. This work contributes to a better understanding of the expression of genes related to these biological processes in SAT and VAT of patients with severe obesity.
- ItemAnálise da expressão de genes relacionados à baixa densidade mineral óssea : avaliação prognóstica e de conduta terapêutica para osteoporose(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-11-22) Souza, Leticia Soncini de; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Silva, Ian Victor; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Guimarães, Marco César Cunegundes; Houzel, Jean Christophe; Pires, Rita Gomes WanderleySince that assuming the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone formation and resorption is crucial in the search for alternative therapies in diseases such as osteoporosis, molecular biology emerges as interesting tool and essential to achieving this goal. Among these genetic markers, gene polymorphisms associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the gene Apolipoprotein " E" (ApoE) have received increased attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of polymorphisms PvuII (CT nt -397) and XbaI (GA nt -351) gene present in REα and polymorphisms in the gene ApoE (HhaI - ε2 , ε3 and ε4) in populations of postmenopausal women, associating these gene alterations, and their clinical and biochemical profiles with osteoporosis. After analyzing the results obtained, the PvuII SNP in the gene of ERα is related to low BMD, and this effect is most noticeable in women with advanced age. The P allele, however, correlates strongly with high BMD (p < 0.05) in the whole population studied and reproduced when analyzing the population aged over 65 years, suggesting a protective role in the loss of bone mineral. In XbaII SNP, of same gene, a significant association of allele x at concentrations of triglycerides and total lipids and dependence on patient age and Body Mass Index (BMI) was observed. On the other hand, for SNP HhaI, ApoE gene, the E2 allele may be associated as a risk factor for low BMD, and E3 allele may be associated as a protective factor in relation to BMD. These results contribute to a better understanding of the expression of genes related to osteoporosis and can provide information for better prognostic determination of the disease as well as rationalization of therapeutic conduct to be chosen, providing a better quality of life for postmenopausal patients.
- ItemAnálise da expressão dos genes relacionados à parede celular e a membrana plasmática de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em resposta a alta pressão hidrostática(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-28) Souza, Diego Trindade de; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Masuda, Cláudio Akio; Guimarães, Marco César Cunegundes; Bravim, FernandaThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas received much attention for its applications in the biotechnology industry. However, during these processes, yeasts are exposed to many different types of stress. Knowing the mechanisms S. cerevisiaeuses to respond to these stresses is essential for obtaining higher yields in the industrial sector. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a stress that exerts a broad effect on S. cerevisiae, interfering with cell membranes, cellular architecture, and various biochemical processes. In this study, we used the microarray technique to investigate the influence of HHP on genes related to the cell wall and plasma membrane. For this, cells from BT0605 strain were subjected to hydrostatic pressure of 50 MPa for 30 min, and then incubated at ambient pressure for 5, 10 and 15 min.The microarray results clearly demonstrated that of the genes involved in biogenesis of the cell wall, those which are related to protection were readily activated by high pressure, whilst the genes involved in cell wall structure required 5 minutes on the ambient pressure to be induced.
- ItemAnálise da expressão temporal de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em resposta ao estresse por alta pressão hidrostática(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-29) Silva, Lucas Ferreira da; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Masuda, Cláudio Akio; Louro, Iuri DrummondLiving organisms maintain a complex internal balance, which enables them to optimise their growth and metabolism. However, fluctuations in environmental conditions can affect this balance. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular, eukaryote model organism. The biotechnological processes it is used for include the production of bread, cheese, alcohol, drugs and pharmaceuticals. From a physiological standpoint, all these processes affect the normal operation of the cell and it is extremely important to study the molecular mechanisms that provide protection against these stressful situations. One of the models used to study stress is high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), which is known to cause morphological and metabolic changes in yeast. Several studies have demonstrated that the expression pattern of genes from yeast submitted to high hydrostatic pressure shows a complex profile, including genes related to oxidative, osmotic, and heat protection.
- ItemAnálise da fibrose do tecido adiposo de mulheres submetidas à abdominoplastia e cirurgia bariátrica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-28) Castro, Eduardo José Passamai de; Errera, Flávia Imbroisi Valle; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Nahas, Fábio XefranFibrosis is an exceeding accumulation of extracellular matrix, resulting from an unbalance between the synthesis and degradation of its components. It is associated with the metabolic alterations in the adipose tissue, however, its occurrence in the different deposits and clinical repercussions are not yet fully understood. The study aims at assessing fibrosis in the adipose tissue regarding the presence of obesity, location of the deposit [subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and the visceral one (VAT)] and its association with clinical variables. Samples of fat from SAAT and VAT were obtained from 21 women undergoing bariatric surgery (IMC>40kg/m²) and 25 VAT samples from the ones undergoing abdominoplasty (IMV<30kg/m²). The samples were processed for conventional histology. The red stain picrosirius was used to evaluate the total collagen fibers. The pictures obtained were analyzed in ADIPOSOFT®. The fibrosis percentage found in SAAT and VAT were analyzed through non-parametric static tests, using the value of p<0,05. SAAT amount present was bigger in women with obesity (p<0.0006). The fibroses between the deposits of SAAT and VAT was only observed among mulatto and black women with obesity (p<0,012). The amount of fibrosis in SAAT was not correlated to the variable clinics in women without obesity. However, with the ones undergoing bariatric surgery, it was observed correlations of fibrosis in SAAT with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (A1c), LDL, triglycerides; and in VAT with the percentage of preoperative fat loss, percentage of total fat loss, percentage of pre lean mass, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Basal Energetic Consumption (BEC). The metabolic parameters and the anthropometric profile of the bariatric surgery were associated to the fibrosis in SAAT, while the post-surgery parameters were associated to the fibrosis in VAT.
- ItemAnálise da influência de polimorfismos do gene CYP1B1 materno na idade gestacional de nascimento : uma correlação clínica e molecular(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-20) Santos, Jéssica Aflávio dos; Louro, Iúri Drumond; Carvalho, Elizeu Fagundes de; Santos, Marcelo dosCurrently, both prematurity and births occurring in the late preterm and in the early term have been highlighted by their negative influence on infant mortality and morbidity. Several risk factors have been associated with decreased gestational age at birth. Environmental risk factors include cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, ethnicity, weight and maternal age. Regarding genetic factors, genetic polymorphisms involved in oxidative stress and xenobiotics metabolism have been strongly associated with preterm birth. This may generate oxidative stress, considered a primary etiological factor for preterm birth because it can cause a compromised placenta. This is the case of the CYP1B1 gene, which also plays an important role in the estrogen synthesis, one of the most important hormones in pregnancy maintenance. The action of the enzyme CYP1B1 may result in the production of reactive and carcinogenic compounds due to the preferential hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol at the 4-hydroxy position. The polymorphisms rs10012, rs1056827, rs1056836 were selected for this work because they are associated with variations in this enzyme activity. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the possible influence of these polymorphisms, as well as clinical data and maternal life habits in gestational age at birth. For such, a prospective cohort study was carried out with pregnant women from the Santo Antônio de Jesus city, in State of Bahia, Brazil. Mothers were followed during gestation, delivery and puerperium between 2009 and 2016. Maternal characteristics and habits were obtained through standardized questionnaires. Genotyping was performed from blood samples from pregnant women with TaqMan® assays using the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Pregnant women who delivered in the initial full-term period had higher mean maternal age and pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) than the preterm and full-term periods. Pre-gestational BMI intervals, race, smoking, and alcoholic showed no significant association with gestational age at birth. A significant correlation was detected between the SNP rs1056836 and the maternal age and the pre-gestational BMI. None of the other analyzed variables showed a significant association with any of the other polymorphisms. Non direct association was detected between any of the analyzed polymorphisms and gestational age at birth. From the results obtained by this work, a possible relationship of the CYP1B1 gene with the gestational age at birth can not be ruled out. Subsequent studies should analyze the possible association of these polymorphisms with gestational age at birth in other ethnic groups, as well as carry out more extensive investigations including other genes and polymorphisms, as well as prematurity environmental risk factors.
- ItemAnálise de ministr's em impressões digitais depositadas em suportes variados(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-24) Vieira, Carolina Mayumi; Louro, Iúri Drumond; Paneto, Greiciane Gaburro; Rave, Cintia Fridman; Schuenck, Ricardo PintoThe human fingerprint identification is a simple, fast and economical method. However, blurred prints deposited on rough surfaces constitute a challenge because of the loss of details. The development methods are insufficient to allow the analysis of the fingerprint, as observed points may be blurred or damaged. With the advances in DNA genotyping technology, small amounts of biological material such as a dozen cells can yield a complete DNA profile and be of great help in criminal investigations. In this context, fingerprints, previously only analyzed from the lophoscopic aspect, can now have a genetic approach. The use of MiniSTR 's combined with an increase in the number of PCR cycles can improve the detection of DNA in samples with degraded and/or limited amount of DNA. When investigating a crime scene, the forensic expert should keep in mind there is no hierarchy among evidence and every vestige should be analyzed considering its feasibility and effectiveness in generating proof.
- ItemAnálise de mutações em formas recessivas de pacientes com osteogênese imperfeita do Espírito Santo : comparação de metodologias(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-17) Quirino, Geise de Aguiar; Paula, Flavia de; Errera, Flavia Imbroisi Valle; Bortolini, Eliete RabiOsteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic desease characterized by patient s bone fragility and deformity, in which severity ranges from a barely detectable connective tissue disorder to lethality in the perinatal period. The diversity of clinical variability in patients is caused by the different location or type of mutations in one of the ten genes related with the disease. This wide clinical variability difficults the perfect clinical diagnoses, due to that the use of molecular biology techniques becomes necessary to obtain a correct diagnoses and for genotype: phenotype correlation. One of the relevant genes associated with recessive forms of OI is the LEPRE-1 gene, responsible for encoding the prolyl 3 hidroxylase 1 protein. This protein and two others are components of the complex responsible for pro-collagen alfa 1 chains 3 prolyl hydroxylation. The target of this research was to analyze the LEPRE-1 gene in eight non consanguineous patients clinically diagnosed as severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta suggestive of autossomic recessive heritage by DNA sequencing of exons 1, 3, 5, 6 and 14 of the gene. In addition, the data obtained was used to analyze the efficiency of the SSCP technique by comparing the results between screening for mutations methodologies and gene sequencing methodologies. On exon 6, for instance, a mutation in one patient was found: a heterozygose base change (c.1087A>G / p.Lys363Glu), consequently, lysine was produced instead of glutamic acid. On the other exons, there was no mutation found on the patients chosen. All the results obtained in this research were compatible with datas generated by SSCP and suggest high efficient of SSCP technique for LEPRE-1 gene to recessive cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- ItemAnálise de um sistema de reabilitação para membros superiores utilizando ambiente de realidade virtual baseado em Kinect e sEMG(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Cardoso, Vivianne Flavia; Frizera Neto, Anselmo; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Ferreira, André; Andrade, Adriano de OliveiraImpaired motor function appears as one of the most common symptoms stroke. When the upper limbs are affected, carrying out daily activities is compromised. The recent developments in the field of rehabilitation are exercises in virtual reality environment (RV). Another method used for rehabilitation of the upper limbs of patients after stroke is the EMG biofeedback. Through this biofeedback, the myoelectric signals from the muscle are converted into visual and audio information that allows the patient to control and regulate muscle activity. The objective of this work is to design and evaluate a new form of rehabilitation by biofeedback using RV and surface electromyography (sEMG) to complement conventional therapy upper limb post-stroke patients. The system was developed in accordance with the requirements in the design phase and design, considering the patient's functional limitations, residual skills, a motivating environment and ease of use. He is able to provide feedback of sEMG, the result (through the score in the game) and the angle described. The three games developed, aims to motivate the patient to perform elbow extension movements and meet the principles of motor learning. To develop and evaluate the system experiments were conducted with individuals without motor or neurological involvement. Analyzing the graph obtained by the myoelectric signal filtered and rectified is possible to observe a co-contraction of Bícpes Brachial (BB) and Trícpes Brachial (TB). When we analyze the results of feedback, the data show that and were not found significas differences (p = 0.9216) when playing with the dominant arm (BD) versus non-dominant (BND). However a significant difference is observed when comparing both arms versus BD (BD / BND) and p = 0.0003 vs. BND BD / BND, p = 0.0018. The results of the evaluations through the System Usability Scale (SUS), in the experiments of stage 2 (E2) was ± 81.4; SD ± 3.4 and stage 3 for participants (E3 / P) ± 82.5; SD ± 14.3 and rehabilitation professionals (E3 / PR) ± 81.1; SD ± 7.4). In Goal Attainment Scale (GAS), E2 was ± 73.3; SD ± 2.7; E3 / P ± 72.2; SD ± 6.1 and E3 / PR ± 73.5; SD ± 2.7. The results show good acceptance of the system by the users, and that the objectives expected during the use of the system have been achieved.
- ItemAnálise de VEGF-C, COX-2 e IL-17A como biomarcadores do carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-23) Bastos, Alliny Cristiny da Silva; Gouvêa, Sônia Alves; Guimarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; Santos, Hérica de LimaHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent types of cancers presenting a high mortality rate and morbidity rate for individuals worldwide. Although several studies present possible biomarkers (BM) for HNSCC there is no specific BM established for this disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of VEGF-C, COX-2 and IL-17A as possible BM of HNSCC, since their high expression has been related to a worse prognosis of the disease. A cross-sectional clinical study, approved by the CEP/UFES Ethics Committee n°99.242/2012, was performed. Biological samples and clinical-pathological data from 124 patients with HNSCC and 29 healthy individuals were collected. The detection of VEGF-C mRNA and COX-2 expression was performed by qPCR trials on tumor tissues and normal tissue samples. The evaluation of VEGFC and COX2 protein expression was performed with serum from both HNSCC patients and a control group by Western blotting. The level of IL-17A (pg/ml) was measured by flow cytometry. Increased relative expression of VEGF-C mRNA in tumor tissue was observed in patients with lymph node metastasis (p=0,027) compared to without lymph node metastasis (p=0,043) and normal tissue samples (p=0,031);Variation of VEGF-C expression in serum of patients in advanced stages of the disease (III/IV) was observed (p=0,01) in comparison with patients in initial stages (I/II) (p = 0,03) and also the control group (p=0,003). COX-2 did not present a significant difference in any of the parameters of the biological samples analyzed. The level of IL-17A was higher in the serum samples from patients in the initial stages of HNSCC (I/II) (p=0,03), in smokers with the disease (p=0,04) and in those without regional lymph node metastases(p=0,04) when compared to the control group. VEGF-C and IL-17A were shown to be potential biomarker of HNSCC in serum samples, being a less invasive and more feasible way to evaluate the patient's condition, whereas for COX-2 new approaches are necessary to evaluate its role in HNSCC.
- ItemAnálise do gene MTHFR em relação à radiossensibilidade tumoral de pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-31) Anders, Quézia; Conforti, Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva; Louro, Iuri Drumond; Panetto, Greiciane Gaburro; Moreira, Miguel Angelo MartinsThe enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), responsible for the biological release of folate’s active form, may have reduced activity when polymorphic variants C677T and A1298C are present. Considering that folate participates in metabolic pathways that lead to nucleotide synthesis and methylation, these polymorphisms are relevant for the prognostic association with oral, oropharynx and larynx squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy or not. This study analysed polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) as putative markers of tumor radiosensitivity. Our sample was made of 306 patients evaluated according to clinicopathological data, local disease relapse, death, disease specific survival, in relation to therapeutic option used in each case. Polymorphism were detected by PCR-RFLP. Survival curves were analysed according to the Kaplan-Meier model and its significance confirmed by the p of Wilcoxcon, being the error margin set to less than 5%. Associations between polymorphisms and local disease relapse, death and disease-free survival were not statistically significant. In contrast, MTHFR C677T patients with larynx SCC treated with radiotherapy showed that when at least T allele is present, there is a 3x decrease in the chance of early death. Therefore, this polymorphism may be an important biomarker for the prognostic evalution of larynx SCC patients treated with radiotherapy.
- ItemAnálise do nível de estresse baseada em sinais de eletroencefalografia e de condutância da pele(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-09) Pomer-Escher, Alexandre Geraldo; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Bravo, Eduardo CaicedoThe stress can affect everyone, independently of age, gender or ethnicity. The human body uses stress as an adaptive response in relations to various conditions, which require an adaptation of the body to face such a situation. Depending on the stressor stimulus, the stress is classified as physical, mental or emotional stress. However, the stress is not necessarily a bad thing or something pathological; in fact, it is a vital adaptation mechanism for the survival of the human species. The number of people who are affected negatively by stress has grown in last decades. Recent research highlights that in the United States about 60% to 90% of medical care were related in some way with stress. In Brazil, around 80% of the population have been affected by stress, and 30% of these are in the most critical phase. Nowadays, the main form of stress identification is still held by self-report questionnaire, thus, this research presents a methodology for stress analysis based on skin conductance and EEG signals. The parameters used for EEG are the asymmetry of alpha rhythm, and the ratio between the beta and alpha rhythms, both in the frontal and prefrontal cortex. For the EEG signal recording handheld device is used. It has electrodes that are specifically located on the positions according to the International 10/20 System (aF3, F3, F4, aF4). The participants are the Military Firefighters of the first Cia of Vitoria (Brazil), and three classes of emotional stimuli are used through the use of images belonging to the IAPS (International Affective Picture System) database, being called positive, calm and negatives classes. The accuracy of results through SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier are 88.24% for positive stimuli class, 84.09% for calm class and 92.86% for negative class. Thus, this research presents a combination of parameters that can be measured with low-cost equipment, and provides conditions to differentiate stressful stimuli, and thereby providing indications that can be used to help the training of emergency care professionals.
- ItemAnálise do padrão de ativação muscular de indivíduos hemiparéticos pós-AVC em marcha assistida por andador robótico(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-20) Loterio, Flávia Aparecida; Frizera Neto, Anselmo; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Andrade, Adriano de Oliveira; Nogueira, Breno ValentimStroke is a leading cause of damages in the neuromuscular system. Robotic devices have been widely developed and studied in order to be used in gait assistance and gait training during the rehabilitation. The goal of this work is to evaluate the assisted gait by the AROW (Assistive Robotic Walker) in post stroke hemiparetic individuals through accelerometer signals and surface Electromyography (sEMG) analysis. The analyzed muscles are vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM). Furthermore, the evaluation methods GAS (Goal Attainment Scaling) and SUS (System Usability Scale) were used. Nine hemiparetic subjects participate of the experiments. The gait speed was decreased using the walker and, consequently, there were some changes in the duration of gait phases, for instance longer of support phase (p = 0.0174). The muscle activation pattern for the analyzed group did not show statistically significant difference (onset VM: p= 0.4999; offset VM: p= 0.5647; onset BF: p= 0.1186; offset BF: p= 0.7823; onset TA: p= 0.5833; offset TA: p= 0.8393; onset GM: p= 0.6077; offset GM: p= 0.1429).. However, assessing the muscle activation pattern individually, some benefic changes can be noted, for example, the reduced co-activation between tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medial. The results of evaluations through GAS (54.8) and SUS (81.4) about the use of the AROW showed good acceptance among users, and the desired results during the use of the walker were achieved. The fast adaptation, easiness of use and feeling of safety when using the device are positive points that were obtained using the AROW.
- ItemAnálise do perfil de expressão gênica diferencial de cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratoriais e selvagens em diferentes estresses por ferramentas de bioinformática(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-03-03) Xavier, Lorena Martins; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Fernandes, Antônio Alberto Ribeiro; Brandão, Rogélio Lopes; Von Zeidler, Sandra Lúcia VentorinSaccharomyces cerevisiae is an unicellular fungus used in many fermentation process since ancient times. This yeast is widely used in the ethanol production, thereby various strains are studied in order to develop a able to withstand the fermentation stress, which in turn will provide increased its production capacity. The high temperatures and increased ethanol concentration are common, but can be stress the yeast, thereby decreasing productivity. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) appears as a good model for studying the fermentation stresses and can be used to increase the tolerance of the strains due to cross-protect mechanism, which is associated with an overall response to stress. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low temperatures have pathways that fall into this general response too. The bioinformatics tools have proved of great assistance in the integration of regulatory pathways in order to improve understanding of responses in different experiments using cell metabolism studies. These can help the process of election able to make more durable and productive yeast. In this paper, we use data available in literature from microarray experiments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains under different stresses. We split the data into seven classes and gene expression patterns were analysed in Y440, BT0510 and BT0605 in different treatments of HHP stress, as well as, ethyl, thermal and oxidative stresses in DBY9434. We observed that the strains subjected to high hydrostatic pressure had a very similar gene expression profile, with the exception of the plasma membrane transport, signaling and cell polarization class. This category was studied in greater depth to understand the piezotolerance presented by the Y440 strain in HHP stress, thus we observed induction of glycerol-3-phosphate shutter, that generated oxidative stress in the cell. We also note the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) induction, that which may have occurred as a response to such oxidative stress. Another feature observed was the sulfur amino acid synthesis induction too, a specific response of HHP stress. The responses to stresses to which the DBY9343 strain underwent were similar to each other, and we infer that the fact that the stresses selected for the analyzes have common stress response pathways between them. The Y440 strains, BT0510 and BT0605, subject to the same stress conditions, showed very similar responses also showing a certain standard of general common response to this stress. Bioinformatics tools were useful for the study of the modification of gene expression patterns in this stress group demonstrated that despite changes that occur in specific genes exists a cellular response model by modifying key routes for the maintenance of cell survival.