Energia

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17604
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia

Centro: CEUNES
Telefone: (27) 3312 1637
URL do programa: https://energia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGEN

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Navegando Energia por Assunto "Alumínio nas embalagens"

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    Estudo da influência das condições de pirólise de compósito de PEBD/Al na produção de hidrocarbonetos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-08-29) Vidal, Douglas Bitencourt; Xavier, Thiago Padovani; Lira, Taisa Shimosakai de; Meneguelo, Ana Paula; Santos, Kassia Graciele dos
    The disposal of carton packs has become an environmental liability as its consumption increases. One way to take advantage of this material is by the paper disintegrator, which results in the formation of the polyethylene and aluminum composite (LDPE/Al). Able to separate the aluminum from the polyethylene present in the composite, pyrolysis is a technique used mainly in the recovery of underutilized materials, generating products of interest. In this context, the general objective of this work was to study the conditions of the LDPE/Al pyrolysis process. The experiments occurred at temperatures 813, 853 and 893 K and heating rates of 10, 30 and 50 K min-1 . The influence of temperature and heating rate on the pyrolysis of the LDPE/Al composite in fixed bed was analyzed in order to estimate the effects of these process variables, as well as to identify the products obtained. Initially, thermogravimetric analyzes demonstrated that the degradation of this material starts at 670 K and becomes complete at 820 K. When comparing the derived thermogravimetry (DTG) of the LDPE/Al with that of the pure polyethylene, it was noticed that the two curves were overlap, demonstrating that aluminum does not interfere with reactions. From the data of thermogravimetry and isoconversion kinetic models, the overall activation energy of the PEBD / Al pyrolysis reaction was estimated: 169.61 kJ.mol-1 (Ozawa), 170.79 kJ.mol-1 (KAS), 181.33 kJ.mol-1 (Starink) and 205.87 kJ.mol-1 (Kissinger), these values being similar to those found in the literature for pure polyethylene. After analyzing the yields of the products, there was a greater participation of condensates, of which the olefins presented a more pronounced production in 893 K. It was also observed that the temperature had a greater influence on the yield of condensed products than the rate of heating. With respect to the composition of the olefins for the reactions at 893 K, mainly aliphatic compounds, such as the alkenes, of carbonic chain of C12 to C20 were identified. Because it is formed predominantly of polyethylene, the pyrolysis products of the composite result in hydrocarbons that can be used as raw material by the industry.
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    Investigação do leito de jorro como reator em potencial de pirólise de partículas cartonadas
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-16) Marques, Ícaro Ibrahim Dias de Rodrigues; Bacelos, Marcelo Silveira; Arrieche, Leonardo da Silva; Lira, Taisa Shimosakai de; Neves, Fernando Luiz
    Currently, pyrolysis has received special attention because of its potential application in areas that constitute challenges of the contemporary world, among which stand out the need for renewable energy production and the issue of solid waste management. Among the modern solid wastes, the post-consumer carton packaging highlights due to the high value-added of the primary products (aluminum and paraffin, obtained from its pyrolysis), and coal presenting high calorific value that can be used as fuel to increase the energy efficiency of the process. For presenting good gas-solid contact, high rates of heat and mass transfer and low particle segregation, the conical spouted bed arises as an efficient alternative for the pyrolysis of carton packaging. In this context, in an attempt to use conical spouted beds (CSBs) as a pyrolysis reactor, this present research aims at analyzing the carton particles fluid dynamics in CSBs. To achieve this goal, the fluid dynamics behavior of carton disks mixtures with particles of different specific masses, namely, polyethylene and sand, was investigated. Experimental data of bed pressure drop as a function of air velocity were obtained and analyzed. The operating conditions employed in the conical spouted bed were simulated by CFD technique. For beds composed of polyethylene and carton disks in a range of mass proportion of 20 and 50% carton disk, the analyses established in this research show that the spouting regime is established. For beds comprise mixtures with 5 and 10% carton disk (in mass) stable spouting regime was achieved. At the set of operating conditions, the Eulerian Granular Multiphase Model applied with Syamlal-O‟Brien drag model can qualitatively predict the typical fluid dynamics behavior of a conical spouted bed operating with mixtures of non-spherical particles. An analysis of reuse of the carton packaging via pyrolysis, from the energy and environmental points of view, shows that a large amount of bauxite and energy can be saved due to aluminum which is recovered in the process.