Agricultura Tropical
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- ItemEfeito da aplicação de fontes e doses de nitrogênio nos atributos químicos do solo, na extração de nutrientes e na produção do capim-mombaça(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-25) Rosado, Thiago Lopes; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Gontijo, Ivoney; Passos, Renato RibeiroThe pastures represent the basis of bovine feeding in Brazil, which in its most part, are managed in extensive pastures. However, nutritional limitations, especially regarding nitrogen, contribute for the low forages production on the managed areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of nitrogen sources and doses on the chemical soil attributes, on the development and extraction of mombaça grass nutrients. The experiment was developed among October 2011 and April 2012, on the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo campus Santa Teresa. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with three replications, in factorial scheme 3 x 6, with three nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) and six nitrogen levels (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 kg ha-1), applied during the experimental period, totalizing 54 experimental units. The nitrogen doses were divided in 7 applications, and the treatments were applied at each 28 days, always after the forage cut, totalizing 7 cuts during the experimental period of 196 days. In each cut, the forage plant was collected with the assistance of an iron square of 50 x 50 and cut with a steel scissor. The material collected in each fragment was taken to the hothouse with air circulation, for the determination of previous dry matter. After drying, the samples were ground for the dry matter determination. The triturated material was conducted to the laboratory for evaluation x of the macronutrients on the vegetable tissue and these results were used on the quantification of the nutrients extraction by the forage. At the end of the experiment, samples of soil on the depth of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were still collected with assistance of an auger hole, to evaluate the effect of the treatments application upon the chemical attributes of the soil on the different depths. The experimental results showed that, according to forage production, Mombaça grass showed to be responsive to nitrogenous fertilization, and its answer in dry matter production and number of tillers, for the same nitrogen dose, depends on the used source. The best results for dry matter production and number of tillers were obtained with the use of calcium nitrate. It was observed with the vegetable tissue analysis, that the nitrogen application promoted an increase on the macronutrients extraction by mombaça grass, due to the higher forage production. Besides, the increase on the calcium proportion in the soil, due to the application of elevated calcium nitrate doses, resulted on the decrease of absorption and extraction of magnesium. For the soil chemical attributes, it was observed elevated acidification potential with the use of ammonium sulfate. The reduction provoked on the soil pH resulted in alterations on the levels of changeable aluminum, potential acidity and on phosphorus availability. Besides, elevated nitrogen doses as ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate, promoted basis lixiviation, especially of potassium for the 20-40 cm layer.
- ItemSubprodutos da indústria de celulose como corretivos de acidez do solo e fonte de nutrientes na rúcula (eruca sativa mill.)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-31) Daudt, Géssica Ferreira; Gontijo, Ivoney; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Caliman, Fabiano Ricardo Brunele; Vitória, Edney Leandro daWorldwide, Brazil is the fourth largest producer of cellulose. In the industrial processing of cellulose, there remains, which are not incorporated into the final product, termed waste. The waste from the cellulose and paper industry have shown up as a good nutrient source option and corrective ground by presenting low cost and potential for improvement when incorporated into the soil. The objective of the present work evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties, in two soils with different textural classes, corrected with the use of alkaline by-products of the cellulose and paper industry in the cultivation of arugula. The study was conducted at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in the city of São Mateus-ES. The studied materials were extracted residues of cellulose and paper: with seven gray levels of calcium magnesium - CCM (Biomass ash; Dregs & Grits; mud Cal and Magnesita) and seven levels of Humuativo. Doses of CCM and Humuativo were combined according to the matrix model Box Berard increased 3 (2k + 2K + 2k + 1) constituting 13 treatments over a course of dolomitic limestone, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications. The central point of the matrix (0,0) taken as the standard dose, and referring to 100% of lime requirement for MCC and 25 t ha-1 for Humuativo. The application of the by-products increased pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg, P and V in both evaluated soils and reducing the contents of Al and H + Al. The use of by-products increases the levels of Na + in soil up to 15 times xi the initial value. The waste had studied in their Cu and Ni composition in toxic amounts to plants, preventing their use to address safety in consumption of arugula. The arugula plants had gained momentum when grown in oxisoil. The fresh and dry weight of part of the roots were higher when grown in Ultisol media texture. So much for the Oxisol as to Udult is not recommended dose below 1.34 t ha -1 CCM product.