Agricultura Tropical

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17346

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical

Centro: CEUNES
Telefone: (27) 3312 1701
URL do programa: http://agriculturatropical.ufes.br

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Acúmulo de nutrientes nos frutos e teor foliar na pimenta do-reino
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Dalazen, Jessica Rodrigues; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; https://orcid.org/0000000266615302; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5397189173086962; Gontijo, Ivoney; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-4689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8496861046570150
The Balck pepper is a nutrient-demanding crop, especially during the reproductive stage. Knowing the foliar content, as well as the curve of nutrient accumulation in the peppercorns, helps in the recommendation and adjustment of the fertilization program of the crops, improving the sustainability of the activity. The objective of this study was to establish nutrient uptake curves in black pepper curls throughout the reproductive period, to determine the content and accumulation of nutrients in different parts of the curls (grain, bark and stalk / fruit and peduncle) of black pepper harvested at two maturation stages (green peel color / red house color), as well as foliar content throughout the year. The experiments were carried out in commercial crop of Piper nigrum L., of the variety Bragantina, in São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experiments of the first experiment were conducted following a completely randomized design, in plot arrangement in time. The treatments consisted of different sampling times. For the analysis of the clusters, a total of 11 collections were performed in the first reproductive cycle and 09 in the second cycle. In each evaluation, nine clusters were randomly collected, forming compound samples every three, thus three replications. For analysis of leaf tissue content, a total of 20 samplings were performed throughout the year, each sample was composed of 40 fresh leaves with three replicates, per sampled period. The materials of all the tests were dry and the macronutrients and micronutrients contents were obtained in the laboratory. Based on the results of the first and second chapters, it was observed that the most abundant macronutrients in the curls and leaves of the black pepper were N, K and Ca, and the micronutrients were Fe, Mn and B. At leaf content of nutrients fluctuated during the year. The accumulation of dry mass in the pepper fruit was similar in both cycles, adjusting to the linear and quadratic model. In the third chapter, it was observed that the nutrients most accumulated in the peppermint fruit were N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Mn, Fe, B, Zn and Cu. In the peduncle were: K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S, B, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. The order of nutrients accumulated in the grain was: N, xii Ca, K, P, S, Mg, Mn, B, Fe, Zn and Cu. Already in the shell was K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S, B, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. E in the peduncle K, Ca, N, Mg, P, S, B, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu.
Adequação de Águas Ferruginosas Para Uso em Irrigação Por Gotejamento
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-03-27) Liprande, Vinicius Alvarenga; Cotta, Aloísio José Bueno; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-0705; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3298545143757892; Bonomo, Robson; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-8216; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7564190687163814; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-665X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1780030176182251; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-7997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648502408490406; Souza, Joabe Martins de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-6446; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0533921032348775
Many regions of Brazil have low rainfall or an irregular distribution of rainfall, such as the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo, included in the drought polygon, where the use of irrigation is necessary. In areas of this region, water with high levels of total iron (FeT) is frequently present, an element capable of causing serious clogging problems in emitters. This occurs mainly when the iron is in a reduced form, prone to precipitate inside the pipes after oxidation, also favoring the development of iron bacteria. Taking into account difficulties in using water with a high iron content in an irrigation system, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of sand filters, consisting of proportions of zeolites (0; 33 and 67%, m/m), associated with aeration/decantation, pH correction and addition of chlorine, in addition to treatment using a magnetizing device, in the adaptation of ferruginous waters, with high FeT contents exceeding 2 mg L-1, originating from tubular wells to be used in a system drip irrigation. Additionally, these waters were applied to a prototype drip irrigation system without a self-compensation system (SPC), flat-type labyrinth emitters. The degree of clogging and uniformity were then evaluated, as well as the reductions in total iron (FeT) after the water passed through the treatment system. Water samples were collected biweekly, bimonthly and quarterly, at 26 points of the project. The analyzes were subjected to descriptive analysis, in order to identify the treatments with the greatest efficiency in reducing the iron present in the water, which identified that the use of aeration and decantation significantly reduced the concentration of iron present in the water, reducing the risks of clogging of emitters from high to medium when assessed. All treatments, for the evaluation period, provided water emission coefficients (CUE) classified as “excellent”, however, it was observed that with the use of water with a high iron content, without additional treatment, this source over time began to show a drop in CUE values, due to the high levels of iron in its composition.
Adubação mineral e espécies nativas na revegetação de base de poço de petróleo em área de restinga
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-08-21) Rosa, Rayane; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-0745; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4927918119791381; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6202-4153; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6966978781439168; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-3475; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5930035056050041; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0776858610279622; Cruz, Leila Beatriz Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286766465233626
The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest biomes in biodiversity, but the growing urbanization and extractive activities have caused the degradation of these areas and a consequent imbalance of the entire natural cycle of the environment, which makes the process of natural regeneration difficult. Many of these activities require soil degradation, which makes them low in nutrients and organic matter and also in many cases compacted. To revert the degradation processes of these areas, revegetation techniques are used, with the use of native species and mineral fertilization, in order to improve the soil and facilitate the process of ecological succession. In order to revegetate an oil well base in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, an experiment was developed to evaluate the survival rate, growth, leaf attributes and photosynthetic activity of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Chrysobalanus icaco, Inga laurina, Mouriri guianensis and Garcinia brasiliensis, transplanted in two types of soil (sandy and clayey) and submitted to five doses of NPK 04-14-08 at planting. Each species was evaluated individually in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme with 4 blocks. The plots consisted of the two types of soil (sandy and clayey) and the subplots by the 5 planting fertilization treatments with NPK 04-14-08 (0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 g per pit-1 ). The survival rate was high in S. terebinthifolius Raddi, I. laurina and M. guianensis. In C. icaco it was low when higher doses of planting fertilizer were applied. The best results are represented by treatments that did not receive fertilization or when lower doses were applied. G. brasiliensis also showed a reduction in the survival rate at higher doses. The growth of the species S. terebinthifolius Raddi, C. icaco, M. guianensis and G. brasiliensis, did not suffer influence in relation to the type of soil. In I. laurina, the plants that were grown in clayey soil were those that showed the best growth. For planting fertilization with NPK 04-14-08, the division between plants that do not require planting fertilization (C. icaco, I. laurina and G. brasiliensis) and those that develop better on average with 200 g of NPK (S. terebinthifolius Raddi and M. guianensis). The leaf attributes showed an adaptive response of the plants in relation to the conditions of ix environmental stress to which they were submitted, showing to be an accurate method to evaluate the behavior of the studied species. The species S. terebinthifolius Raddi, I. laurina and G. brasiliensis were more sensitive to changes in the photosynthetic apparatus when cultivated in sandy soil. This fact demonstrated that it is possible to revegetate this type of environment without removing the clayey soil deposited there, considering these three species. The fertilization doses with NPK, did not interfere in the parameters of the JIP test for the species S. terebinthifolius Raddi and M. guianensis, in the two evaluation periods and in C. icaco, at six months
Análise de diversidade genética e ecofisiologia de germinação de Theobroma cacao L.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-22) Lavanhole, Daniele Freisleben; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Posse, Sheila Cristina Prucoli; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; Machado Filho, José Altino; Souza, Carlos Alberto Spaggiari; Schmildt, Omar
The great variability of fruits and seeds makes it difficult to distinguish existing groups of cocoa. The analysis of genetic diversity has been an important tool to subsidize the identification of promising materials for commercial use. Another factor is the variability between the different cacao genotypes at temperature, highlighting the need and the opportunities for the adequate correlation of the planting material with the local environments. This work is divided into two chapters, the first chapter entitled "Analysis of genetic diversity of Theobroma cacao L.", aiming to analyze genetic diversity using biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of cacao genotypes, aiming to identify promising materials for commercial use. The genotypes evaluated were Common, TSH-1188, ESFIP-02, CCN-51, Ipiranga-01, SJ-02, PH-16, PS-1319, CEPEC-2002 and Catongo. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis and estimated genetic divergence were performed by the Tocher and UPGMA grouping method. Genetic divergence was observed among the cacao genotypes, with fruit length, fresh seed weight and lower diameter being the characteristics that contributed most to dissimilarity. The TSH-1188 genotype presented higher averages for the physical characteristics of the seeds, while, ESFIP-02 and SJ-02 presented the highest ºBrix. The second chapter entitled "Ecophysiology of germination of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes" was aimed at evaluating the interaction of genotype with temperatures and drying periods on germination and post-germination development of cacao. In the germination test, the temperatures evaluated were 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC constant and 15-25ºC and 20-30ºC alternated, and the desiccation tolerance was evaluated in the seeds arranged under laboratory conditions (25ºC + 1ºC of temperature and 65% + 5% of humidity) for 0, 2 and 4 days. Germination and vigor were determined based on root protrusion and normal seedling formation. The analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed and genetic divergence was estimated by the Tocher and UPGMA grouping method. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds. Regarding thermal extremes, the TSH-1188 genotype can be considered the most tolerant, while CEPEC-2002, the most sensitive. Both the germination process and the post-germinative process were influenced by the genotype. TSH-1188, ESFIP-02 and Ipiranga-01 presented a higher percentage of normal vigorous seedlings.
Aspectos técnicos e econômicos da colheita do café conilon
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-07-15) Almeida, Paloma Francisca Pancieri de; Vitoria, Edney Leandro da; https://orcid.org/0000000222686037; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5385859254036142; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-7000; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4374052526992017; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; Lima, Andre Luis Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-4442; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3411199710413248; Furtado Junior, Marconi Ribeiro ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-3981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3689897239952789
O Espírito Santo (ES) é o 2º maior produtor brasileiro de café, com expressiva produção de arábica e conilon, as quais totalizam 22% da produção nacional. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de analisar os aspectos técnicos e econômicos de diferentes procedimentos de colheita mecanizada do café conilon, divido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo foi desenvolvido uma revisão bibliométrica sobre o tópico “colheita do café”, através do banco de dados do Web of Science, foram selecionados e avaliados estatisticamente, onde foram encontradas 28 publicações sobre o tema pesquisado no qual o Brasil produziu 54% de todas publicações pertinentes. O segundo capítulo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da colheita semi-mecanizada do café conilon através de controle estatístico. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Cremasco, Pinheiros (ES), em 12 talhões, sendo utilizadas máquina recolhedora/trilhadora e trator. Foram avaliados tempo de posicionamento, tempo de recolhimento e o tempo de derriça na lona, o tempo de posicionamento do conjunto trator-recolhedora e o tempo total, além da estimativa da taxa de alimentação na máquina, massa de café perdida, estimativa de massa na lona e eficiência do sistema de limpeza. Os resultados revelaram diferenças nos talhões de 3 a 6, como consequência da ocorrência de chuvas durante a colheita, no mais, o processo foi considerado sob controle. No terceiro capítulo teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência de colheita mecanizada e manual do café conilon. O experimento foi realizado em São Mateus-ES, e as variáveis analisadas foram eficiência de derriça (ED), eficiência de colheita (EC), porcentagem de queda no chão (PQC) e desfolhamento (D). Onde a colheita manual apresentou maiores eficiências de colheita e derriça, com menores índice de perdas por queda no chão e os ajuste dos parâmetros da colheitadora foi acertado uma vez que se alcançou altos índices de eficiência de colheita e derriça, similares aos da colheita manual, com a vantagem adicional de promover uma colheita direcionada aos grãos maduros em cada passagem da automotriz, sem implicar em um severo dano (desfolha) à plantas. O quarto capítulo apresentou como objetivo realizar a análise econômico-financeira da colheita mecanizada para o café conilon. 10 O trabalho foi realizado em São Mateus-ES, aonde foram feitas por estudo de caso as avaliações econômicas, utilizando cálculos de Custo Operacional Efetivo, Custo Operacional Total e indicadores de viabilidade econômica. Concluiu-se que a utilização da colheita mecanizada foi a que demostrou menor custo de produção de café, na propriedade em estudo, mesmo com maior investimento, e se demonstrando viável, apresentando uma taxa de retorno de 36% ao ano.
Atividade antifungica de compostos de cobre, zinco e potássio no crescimento micelial e germinação de conidios de Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-07-05) Santos, Renata Aparecida Ahnert dos; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6994332479076630; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9211842686321751; Pinheiro, Veronica D Addazio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4456-3490; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4927918119791381
The search for alternative methods and products of disease management has been increasing in recent years due to the harmful effects that pesticides cause to the environment and to human health. The studies to control fusariosis using alternative methods are related to the strategies of modern agriculture and go towards the economic and ecological interests, being the stimulus to the defense of the plants by the induction of resistance an important alternative. The natural protection of plants against pathogens is given by several mechanisms. It is partly based on a variety of constitutional barriers already present in plant tissues prior to any attack or infection. Micronutrients have been identified as one of the major mineral elements associated with the induction of resistance to plant diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the antifungal activity in vitro using CuSO4, ZnSO4 and KCl against Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis.
Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-11-29) Rebello, Luciana Camizão; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; Carvalho, Camilo Amaro de; Ramos, Maria da Penha Piccolo
The Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, popularly known as pepper tree, is in the National Medicinal Plants of the SUS’s Interest List and has great potential for growth inhibition of microorganisms, which makes this an alternative to medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and Colletotrichum musae) and against the bacteria which causes human infection (Staphylococcus aureus), from the extracts fractions obtained from leaves and stem bark of S. terebinthifolia, to identify secondary metabolic compounds in leaves and stem bark and quantify the compounds of the flavonoids group. The extractions of leaves and stem bark were prepared by maceration using increasing polarity solvents (hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol) and ethanol solvent for the preparation of crude extract that underwent liquid-liquid cut. The phytochemical screening of crude ethanol extracts of both parties and the quantification of flavonoids were performed. The fractions were tested for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacteria and for mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus. The results showed that all tested microorganisms demonstrated sensitivity to the compounds found in the extracts of S. terebinthifolia regardless the type of extraction, and that the flavonoids are found in greater amounts in the leaves (52,93 µg.mL-1) than in the stem bark (9.58 µg.mL-1), possibly, together with tannins, they do the inhibitory activity of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, extracts of bark stem and leaves of the pepper tree may be a good way for controlling the growth of these pathogen and they can act as an herbal medicine with antibiotic effect as well as being a possible agent to control the diseases in papaya and banana plants.
Atributos do solo e nutrientes em folhas de café conilon no tabuleiro costeiro do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-21) Pires, Ivne Franco; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Fontana, Ademir; Paye, Henrique de Sá; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes
Coffee cultivation is one of the activities of great profitability in Espírito Santo and with extensive occupation of the Coastal Tablelands, whose geomorphological unit includes soils with low levels of nutrients and cohesive subsurface horizons. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to provide a diagnosis of the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and nutritional status of the leaves of the Conilon coffee tree in Oxisols and Yellow Argisols in Coastal Trap environments of the northern region of Espírito Santo, relating the methods of soil and leaf analysis with non-destructive techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were collected in the municipalities of São Mateus, Jaguaré, Boa Esperança, Pinheiros, Conceição da Barra and Montanha. Soil physical analyzes were performed to determine the grain size composition, soil density, particle density and total porosity. In the soil chemical analyzes the active acidity (Al3+), Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ , potential acidity (H+Al), SB, V, CTC, pH in water, Mehlich-1 phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen and micronutrients (Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+). Macronutrients and micronutrients were determined on leaves. The soil fertility and leaf nutrition were diagnosed, identifying the deficit elements, comparing them with reference coffee crops in studies conducted ix in the State of Espírito Santo. Leaf and soil chemical analyzes were also performed using a non-destructive technique based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using portable equipment, using two calibration methods from the factory: Soil and Geochem. Pearson's linear correlation and Student's t test methods were analyzed. Regarding the physical attributes of the soil, most of the crops present density of 1.43 g cm-3 and loamy-clayey texture. Regarding routine chemical analyzes, the values of OM, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al and (H+Al) were classified with low levels in the soil, excess P and other attributes at medium levels. In the leaf analyzes the N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn levels were classified as low levels in the plants, Ca presents high levels, only the Mn content is at an adequate level. There is no tendency to increase the nutrient content in the leaves with the increase of the same in the soil, indicating that there is no direct relation. When compared to reference crops, most of the soil elements, except for P, Ca and Zn, are at lower levels and all leaf elements are at lower levels, with emphasis on Fe and Mn. As for the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyzes, the soil nutrient values found in the pXRF analysis were underestimated when compared to the certified values, all with low recovery rates. In the leaf analysis, the calibration methods presented values that were overestimated in relation to the values obtained by the routine chemical analysis, the smallest difference was for K in the "Soil" method and higher for the P in "Geochem", where Soil "Presents values closer to the traditional method. There is a statistical difference between the conventional leaf analysis method and the X-ray fluorescence methods by the 5% probability t test and the correlations between the nutrient levels in the methods used are significant, indicating the potential use of the tool.
Atributos edáficos em diferentes usos do solo no tabuleiro costeiro, Jaguaré, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-24) Lopes, Emanuelle Cata Preta Nunes; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Fontana, Ademir; Gontijo, Ivoney; Furieri, Karina Schmidt
Atributos físico-hídricos do solo em lavoura de café conilon submetida à subsolagem
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-21) Souza, Joabe Martins de; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Bonomo, Robson; Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; Vitória, Edney Leandro da
The proper preparation of the soil promotes changes in physical attributes, especially the structure and can modify the storage capacity of water, crucial in determining irrigation needs for crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil preparation for planting Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) submitted to subsoiling, physical properties and soil water. The experimental area consisted of three plots cultivated with coffee at 11, 7 and 3 years old, called T11, T7 and T3, respectively, submitted to subsoiling in the rows. For the evaluations hydrophysical soil samples were collected and undisturbed, in line (P1) and leading (P2) culture and four depths 0.00 to 0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40 -0.60, from 0.60 to 0.80 m. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications. The soil properties were evaluated soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity, besides the water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration and index S. The soil density, total porosity and macroporosity showed significant differences between the sampling points for the upper soil layers with higher porosity and macropore to the point P1 and a higher density of the soil to the point P2, did not differ from other layers. The total porosity showed an inverse behavior to the specific weight of the soil and increased the microporosity and macroporosity decrease in depth. Among the areas with different ages, physical and hydraulic properties of the soil showed no significant differences, showing that improvements of subsoiling are persistent over the years in this culture condition. The penetration resistance differed between sampling points, occurring with increasing depth, no difference, however, between the plots. We observed a positive correlation between penetration resistance and bulk density and microporosity, macroporosity and negative. The saturated hydraulic conductivity differ between sampling points in the layers of 0.00-0.40 m, with no significant difference between the plots. There was a negative correlation between penetration resistance and positive correlation with microporosity and macroporosity. The determination coefficient of adjustment curves water retention in the soil was greater than 98% and tuning parameters increased with depth. Water availability presented in general higher in the coffee line, until 0.60m, showing the benefit of subsoiling water retention. The S was higher in the rows, showing high correlation with the porosity and density of the soil. Subsoiling changed the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil, providing a balance between macro and micro, increased water availability and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and greater water retention at low voltages. The S proved to be a good tool to assess soil quality under these conditions.
Atributos físicos do solo cultivado com plantas de cobertura sob dois regimes hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-28) Ramos, Raquel Cristina; Belo, Alessandra Ferreira; Bonomo, Robson; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Among the soil conservation practices used to improve soil quality and production, we highlight the use of plants with a cover function, which are arranged on or embedded in the soil surface, contribute to the maintenance of humidity, reduction of extremes temperature and increase of organic matter, reflecting positively on the physical attributes of soil. The objective was to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil with the use of cover crops under two water regimes for two years in order to contribute to the adoption of no-tillage system in the northern region of Espírito Santo. The work was conducted in the field, in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol, using experimental design in DBC, in subdivided plots, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The cover plants evaluated were: four cultivars of Pennisetum glaucum (ADR 300, ADR 500, ADRf 6010 and BRS 1501), Brachiaria ruziziensis and Canavalia ensiformis; the irrigation depths were 76 mm (L1) and 38 mm (L2). (Ds), total pore volume (VTP), microporosity (Mi), macroporosity (Ma), geometric mean diameter (DMG) and weighted mean diameter (DMP); hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil (Ksat) and soil penetration resistance (RMP). In the first year of cultivation, few significant differences were observed in the attributes Ds, DMG and DMP in the 0-0,2 m layer. In general, higher soil densities were observed in the largest leaf, regardless of the cover species used. Soil density increased in the second year, but there was the effect of the cover plants on the two irrigation slides with the time reducing the PR, indicating improvement in soil quality. Cover plants interfere in the improvement of physical attributes, especially in situations of water stress. ADRf 6010 is the millet cultivation more indicated 11 as a cover plant for 76 mm blade. And B. ruziziensis was the plant with the best results for 38 mm.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em área sob diferentes usos na Região Norte do Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Pinto, Flávia Barreto; Bonomo, Robson; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Considering an increasing demand related to Brazil's agricultural production becomes a need for greater and better understanding of how to keep it sustainable, it is important to keep a good soil for future crops have a suitable environment and it has good productivity. Studies about soil physical and chemical attributes allows a good indication of the quality of a given soil. In this sense, it was evaluated in this study changes in physical and chemical properties in areas with different uses within a property located in the city of Jaguaré-ES. The areas studied were under the homogeneous planting conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) (Cc); rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) (S); consortium with rubber tree and conilon coffee (SCc); consortium with rubber tree and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) (SCo); consortium with rubber tree, black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) (SPCa); and native vegetation (MN). The experiment was carried out by sampling in five installments of 6 x 6 meters on each use system. The chemical attributes were analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths are: soil organic matter (SOM), pH, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, H + Al, sum of bases (SB), effective CEC (t), potencial CEC (T), base saturation (V) and Al saturation (m). The physical attributes analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths were: texture, particle density, soil density, macro and microporosity and aggregate stability. At 15 and 30cm depths were analyzed hydraulic conductivity and 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40cm penetration soil resistance. Data were subjected to variance analysis and treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It used also Tocher grouping method based on the Mahalanobis dispersion. MN had lower penetration soil resistance and soil density and higher macroporosity compared to other areas, probably due to the higher values of soil organic matter. The areas under Cc and agroforestry system SPCa were similar when evaluated particle density, soil density, total porosity, microporosity, microporosity and sand, clay and silt percentage. The covers Cc and MN were similar when was considered the chemistry and analyzed depths. The management adopted in Cc area performed better than adopted in agroforestry viii systems in the upper layers. It worked more effectively, improving the quality of soil chemical properties. The agricultural use of the soil, even in the case of perennial crops, caused changes in soil physical properties and degraded soil organic matter when compared with original condition.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistema silvipastoril
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-27) Taufner, Gisela Azevedo; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo; Gontijo, Ivoney; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Pires, André Assis
Changes in physical and chemical soil attributes were assessed in a silvopastoral system over time, taken on a gradient away from the trees. The experiment was conducted from 03/2010 to 09/2012 at Embrapa South-East Cattle Research Center, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil (21° 57' 33" S; 47° 51' 06" W). The silvopastoral system was implanted in 2007 with the planting of native trees in a Brachiaria decumbens pasture in soil LVA and LV medium to evaluate the influence of the tree component in the physical and chemical soil under silvopastoral system. In about eight hectares, the trees were planted in strips spaced 17 m in pastures with electric fence protection . Sampling was made in 4 different points regarding the distances from the row of trees: 0.0m; 2 m; 4.75 m; 8.5 m; at 3 depths: 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-40 cm; with 4 and 5 replications to physical and chemical attributes respectively. From physical attributes were determined: soil density, macro and micro porosity, aggregate stability and soil resistance to penetration at 0-20 and 20-40 cm. For chemical attributes were determined pH and levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, organic matter (OM), potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable aluminum (Al), cation exchange capacity, sulfur (S), base saturation and aluminum saturation. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean treatment were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For the physical attributes significant differences were found for all assessed characteristics related with depth, being observed significant increase of organic matter to the system, favoring aggregation and soil structure at depth of 0-10 cm. The chemical attributes that XIV express improvement of soil fertility were higher at a depth of 0-10 cm and were not benefited by the presence of trees. There was an increase of the value from the first to the second year of assessment. Assessments are needed over time to monitor these attributes, it is expected that with the system stabilization it is possible to achieve conclusive results about the influence of afforestation in silvopastoral systems.
Atributos químicos e físicos como indicadores de qualidade do solo, em tabuleiros costeiros, no norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-25) Marinato, Fábio Altoé; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Gontijo, Ivoney; Passos, Renato Ribeiro
Modern agriculture must be based on the search for natural resources sustainability as well as optimization of soil use in order to minimize environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil cover on the physical and chemical attributes in a coastal plain area. We have studied seven ground covers: Native secondary Atlantic Forest, Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Native Grassland, Rubber plantation, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species and Black Pepper plantation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. As chemical indicators we have quantified active acidity, Organic Matter, Capacity of Cation Exchange, Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, potential acidity, sum of bases, base saturation and aluminum saturation. As physical indicators we have evaluated soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, pondered average diameter, geometric average diameter and particle density. They were determined in three depths: 0- 0.05m, 0.05-0.20m and 0.20-0.40m. We also measured Saturated Hidraulic Conductivity, with two depths (0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40) and two water column (0.05 and 0.10m), and Mechanical Resistance to Penetration at 0-0.20; 0.20-0.40 and 0.40- 0.60 depths, adopting seven repetitions for this analysis. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. Another analysis was also performed with Canonical Variables and x Tocher group methods. For chemical indicators, in the first layer, the coverage grouping revealed a group formed by Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black Pepper Plantation and Natural Grassland, leaving the Native secondary Atlantic Forest isolated. For the second layer, we there was a formation of a group of Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Conilon Coffee plantation, Black Pepper Plantation, Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest, leaving Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species isolated from the others. In the third layer only one group was formed from which Reforestation with Native Species was isolated. Physical indicators showed four divisions in the first layer: A group formed by Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species, other group formed by Conilon Coffee and Black Pepper Plantations, remaining in an isolated way Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest. In the second layer there was the grouping of Conilon Coffee and Black Pepper Plantations and another group with Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest in. Third layer appears with four divisions: Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species; Native secondary Atlantic Forest and Black Pepper Plantation; and Conilon Coffe and Natural Grassland being isolated. At the end of the study we got the following conclusions: 1. There have been changes in the chemical and physical soils properties as a function of their covers. 2. First layer showed to be very sensitive to changes in terms of chemical and physical viewpoints. 3. Second layer showed chemical quality preservation in Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black Pepper Plantation, Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. There was also physical quality preservation in Reforestation with Native Species, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. 4. In the third layer Reforestation with Native Species was the only coverage that failed to preserve chemical qualities of the soil, while only Black Pepper Plantation managed to preserve physical qualities. 5. Two different classes of soil being in the study did not affected the final results with a possible grouping in soil classes.
Avaliação agronômica de genótipos de abacaxizeiros resistentes à fusariose no Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-20) Altoé, Marcelo Soares; Zucoloto, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-4750; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9552365183163692; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8289; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2012160409035641; Bonomo, Robson; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-8216; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7564190687163814; Barbosa, Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-4226; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0224172632816293
Tropical and subtropical America is considered the center of origin of the pineapple, with the Amazon Region being the largest center of diversity. This plant belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, genus Ananas and species Ananas comosus var. comosus. Nowadays, one of the great challenges in the production of pineapple is the study of new cultivars resistant to fusariosis and adapted to different producing regions. In addition, it is important to evaluate the sensory acceptance of new materials, since the launch of a fusarium-resistant cultivar alone does not meet the expectations of the fruit production chain. In this way, two chapters were developed analyzing the vegetative growth, the correlation between plant characters and productive aspects, physicochemical characteristics of the fruits and sensory analysis test of the fruits of four new pineapple hybrids, namely, BAG 344 x Perolera (04), BAG 344 x Soomth Cayenne (08), BAG 344 x Gold - (61), Perolera x Smooth Cayenne (73), genotype 344 and cv. Pearl. In the first chapter, the objective was to evaluate the relationship of leaf D with the physical characteristics of the fruits of four new fusarium-resistant pineapple hybrids, genotype 344 and cultivar Pérola, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the southern state of Espirito Santo. Evaluations of the vegetative growth of the plants and xi their correlation with the fruits were carried out. The cv. Pérola showed greater vegetative growth. Hybrid 08 and cv. Pérola showed no significant correlation between the fresh weight of the fruits and the characters of the leaf D. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate new cultivars of pineapple for consumption in natura with superior organoleptic quality, desirable agronomic characteristics and resistant to fusariosis. Evaluations were carried out during the production cycle: plant development; physico-chemical characterization of fruits and sensory analysis of fruits. The studied hybrids showed resistance to fusariosis. Hybrid 08 stood out with desirable characteristics for the development of the plant. Hybrids 04 and 08 showed fruits with greater fresh weight, while genotype 344, fruits with less fresh weight. For chemical characteristics, hybrids 08 and 61 and cv. Pearl, with higher ratio value. For sensory analysis, cv. Pérola was superior to the other genotypes, showing greater acceptance. Hybrid 04 and genotype 344 showed greater potential for adaptation to growing conditions in the south of the State of Espirito Santo and to the final consumer. This study contributed to the recommendation of new hybrids with high productive potential and superior sensory quality, adapted to the main producing region of Espírito Santo
Avaliação da resistência do mamoeiro 'Aliança' a Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-16) Carrion, Paula Abiko Navarro; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-1804; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6994332479076630; https://orcid.org/0000000296994390; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3094548793337298; Vitoria, Edney Leandro da; https://orcid.org/0000000222686037; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5385859254036142; Ferreira, Thiago de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4955058715086986; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-7997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648502408490406
The papaya tree is very important for national fruit growing, especially for the regional economy, with Espírito Santo as the largest producer. The occurrence of nematodes in the crop has already been reported, however, their impacts on production have not yet been properly quantified. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of Carica papaya L. 'Aliança' to the species Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica and the development of plants under the effect of two types of fertilization before the reproduction of these pathogens. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, the first in randomized blocks, with six treatments, two replications and a 3x2 factorial scheme, until the production phase. In the second, to evaluate seedlings, a completely randomized design was used, with three treatments and 14 replications. The vegetative growth of the plants was evaluated by periodic measurements of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and number of flowers and fruits (when present). At the end, the mass of shoots and fresh roots, root length (only in the second experiment), as well as the final population of nematodes in the root and soil and the reproduction factor for each species were measured. Analyzes of variance and Tukey's test at 5% were performed using the R software. Papaya 'Aliança', according to Oostenbrink's criteria, was considered susceptible in adulthood and resistant in seedlings. Despite being a host of these pathogens, at the population level obtained, the growth and production variables were not affected, indicating that 'Aliança' is tolerant to the presence of these nematodes. As for the fertilizers used, the one that contained seaweed extract in its composition proved to be effective in reducing the reproduction factor for the two studied species.
Avaliações da maturação da videira 'red globe' pela técnica da fluorescência
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Gonçalves, Lucas Caetano; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Czepak, Marcio Paulo; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Souza, Reginaldo Teodoro de; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Zucoloto, Moises
Biofertilizantes na produção de alface
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-28) Sampaio, Biágio Sartori; Gontijo, Ivoney; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do
Among the leafy lettuce stands out among the most commonly consumed by Brazilians, so no need to seek alternatives to produce it using more sustainable technologies. Many producers who grow lettuce in organic systems already use biofertilizers with satisfactory results. However, for confirmation and understanding of its effects needs further deepening scientific. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different types of biofertilizers on yield and nutrition of lettuce Baba de Verão in organic production system. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Havana farm, Montanha city, Espírito Santo. Were implanted 02 experiments: the first, a randomized block with four replications, testing six concentrations of biofertilizer cow urine diluted in water (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%), according to experimental testing, conducted in a 2x5 factorial arrangement were tested soil inoculation with Efficient Microorganisms (EM) and different biofertilizers foliar applied. Upon reaching the commercial harvest, evaluated the diameter of the shoot (DPA), number of leaves per plant (NF), the fresh matter (MFPA), fresh and dry matter of leaves (MFF and MSF) and nutrient concentration in the leaves. In experiment 01, the levels of cow urine and significant quadratic effect for the characteristics of the shoot diameter, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of shoot fresh and dry weights of leaves and leaf N content. The nutrient content were within the range considered adequate for lettuce, with the exception of the elements P, Ca, S, Fe and Cu. It is recommended that the concentration of 11.36% of biofertilizer cow urine to an estimated maximum yield per plant in 218.05 g of commercial lettuce, corresponding to yield of 34.9 t. ha-1. Already in experiment 02, the highest average for FMAP, 175.92 g. per plant, which corresponds to an estimated yield of 28.14 t. ha-1. Regarding nutritional status, there was no positive effect of applying biofertilizers for the K and Ca compared to standard, however the levels of Cu were better in the interaction between standard and soil inoculation.
Biometria comparativa das cultivares de mamoeiro THB e Aliança
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-07-30) Santos, Karina Tiemi Hassuda dos; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-7997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648502408490406; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8347-4580; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6801077615817326; Schmildt, Omar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-2152; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7357949702839126; Krause, Willian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-7715; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5771714793271696
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) belongs to the Caricaceae family, it is a large and perennial herbaceous plant. It is the species in the family that has the greatest economic importance. The papaya cultivation cycle is around 18 to 24 months. Currently in Brazil there are 58 papaya cultivars registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Cultivars Aliança and THB are both registered, are part of the “Solo” group and it is in this group that most cultivars belong. The experiments were carried out at Fazenda Santa Terezinha of the company CalimanAgrícola SA, located in the municipality of Linhares, North of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, with latitude 19º 11' 49" S, longitude 40º 04' 20" W and altitude of 33 m . The climate of the region is of the tropical type Aw according to the Köppen classification. In the first chapter, the objective was to adjust an equation to estimate the fruit mass for the papaya cultivars Aliança and THB, using only one measure, length or width. For the modeling of the equations, 350 and 550 fruits of the 'Alliance' and the 'THB' were used, respectively, and another 50 fruits of each cultivar were used to validate the equations. The characteristics evaluated were the greatest width, the greatest length of the fruit and the observed mass. The equations that best fit were those of the power model that use width as an independent variable. In the second chapter, the objective was to determine the optimal plot size for the evaluation of experiments of the papaya cultivars Aliança and THB in the field from planting to the second year of cultivation using the Modified Maximum Curvature Method. Seven evaluations were carried out, always being examined 100 plants, these took place from August 2018 to November 2019. The characteristics evaluated in each plant in these evaluations were: stem diameter, number of fully formed and photositetically active leaves (green), leaf area total and height of the plant. It was also evaluated the height of insertion of the first fruit, production per plant in the first and second year. The optimal plot size for the cultivar Aliança and THB is five plants. The objective of the third chapter was to adjust the logistic model that describes the growth of biometric characteristics, such as plant height, stem diameter and total leaf area, of the papaya cultivars Aliança and THB in the field. Seven evaluations were carried out, from August 2018 to November 2019. 100 plants of each cultivar were evaluated in all evaluations. The characteristics evaluated in each plant were: plant height, stem diameter and total leaf area. The height of insertion of the first fruit, production per plant in the first and production per plant in the second year were also evaluated. The logistic model fitted well for the three growth characteristics of both cultivars, clearly showing the difference between the cultivars. A curve was fitted for each trait and cultivar. Cultivar Aliança took more days to reach the inflection point. The production per first-year plant in both cultivars was equal. The height of insertion of the first fruit and production per plant the second year were higher in the Aliança cultivar.
Biometria e qualidade de frutas nativas da Floresta Atlântica com potencial socioeconômico e ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-07-26) Barros, Bruna Lara Alvarenga; Zucoloto, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-4750; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9552365183163692; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-566X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4040938421001848; Godinho, Tiago de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-6054; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828463783791328; Moreira, Sarah Ola; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-6725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3860741402516755
The Atlantic Forest is an ecosystem with high biodiversity, rich in fruit species with socioeconomic and environmental potential. Aiming to increase the knowledge about the properties and potentialities of these fruits, the objective was to evaluate the in natura quality of the fruits of araçá-una (Psidium myrtoides O. Berg), cabeludinha (Myrciaria glazioviana), grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis L.), jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) and uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis C.), regarding their physicochemical and morphological aspects, encouraging forest conservation through the use of these species. Therefore, the dissertation was developed in two chapters. In the first chapter, it was evaluated the interaction between the three ripening stages and two postharvest times in the physicochemical characteristics of fruits of araçá-una and grumixama, collected in the same environment of occurrence. The fruits of araçá-una harvested at stage 2 and stored for 48h were superior in quality to those harvested at stage 1 and were similar to fruits harvested at maturity stage 3 and stored under the same conditions. Grumixama fruits harvested at stage 3 had higher quality than fruits harvested at other stages, however, storage for 48h under ambient conditions for this stage is not indicated due to the perishability of these fruits. In the second chapter, the objective was to perform the phenotypic characterization of fruits of accesses of araçá-una, jabuticabeira, cabeludinha, jussara and uvaia collected in the montain region of the state of Espirito Santo, through morphoagroanomic descriptors, correlations and genetic parameters. The results indicated that the species have fruits with wide phenotypic variability in size and yield in fruit pulp. The correlations between the biometric characteristics of the fruits demonstrated the potential of this tool for selection of indirect variables for breeding programs, reducing the evaluation time. Most of the observed variability is genetic in nature, indicating potential for genetic gain through selection

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