Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas
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- ItemA dispensação de medicamentos influencia o conhecimento e a adesão do paciente sobre sua farmacoterapia? Uma revisão sistemática e metanálise(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-28) Santana, Elizabete Priscila Costa; Santos Júnior, Genival Araújo dos; Rocha, Kérilin Stancine Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-2140; Santos, Sabrina Cerqueira; Santana, Rafael SantosBackground: Patient's inadequate medication knowledge and non-medication adherence are considered an issue in healthcare, as they can lead to negative outcomes, such as therapeutic failures and hospitalization. Even though drug dispensing is a service traditionally performed by pharmacists, there is still no evidence about the influence of this service in these health outcomes. Objective. To evaluate the influence of drug dispensing on the patient's medication knowledge and medication adherence. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in which search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, Web of Science, Embase, Open Thesis and Google Scholar databases. Two reviewers read the titles, abstracts and complete texts according to the eligibility criteria and extracted the data from the included articles. The methodological quality was assessed through the tools provided by JBI Institute. The data was analyzed through qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis was conducted for randomized controlled trials that used the outcome of medication adherence using RStudio software version 4.3.3. Results: A total of 7.590 studies were identified on the initial search, from which 11 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. The studies were published in Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Australia. Most of the studies were interventional (n=7). Five of the studies evaluated the influence of drug dispensing on the patient’s medication knowledge, from which four showed that knowledge increased after dispensing. Eight studies evaluated the influence of dispensing on medication adherence and the meta-analysis showed that patients who received the dispensing were 1.19 times more likely to adhere to medications compared to those who did not receive the service. Six studies met more than 70% of the quality assessment criteria. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that dispensing increases patient’s medication knowledge and patients are more likely to adhere to their medications when they receive this service.
- ItemDeterminação do perfil químico e atividade biológica do extrato etanólico de curcuma longa linn e avaliação do uso em uma formulação para o tratamento de dermatites(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-08) Pinheiro, Marcos André de Paula; Pinheiro, Mariana Santos; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-2726; Oliveira, Marcelo Antônio de; Fronza, MarcioCurcuma longa Linn is a plant species that various civilizations and people over the years have used as a healing agent against the most diverse illnesses. Curcumin and other curcuminoids found in the studied species are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that are promising for use in pharmaceutical forms and can be used to treat dermatitis. The work aimed to propose a formulation containing ethanolic extract of C. longa that can be used in the treatment of dermatitis. The chemical characterization of the extract was carried out using classical phytochemical tests, spectrophotometric analysis and instrumental analysis such as high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. To evaluate the biological activity, the in vitro antioxidant action against the DPPH radical was determined. A hydroalcoholic gel was proposed with the introduction of the alcoholic C. longa extract and its stability under different packaging conditions was determined, as well as its permeation in an ex vivo model using porcine tissue to mimic skin permeation. From the LC/(-)ESI-Q-TOF MS analysis, it was possible to identify curcumin and other curcuminoid markers, alongside phenolic compounds and terpenes. Using spectrophotometric techniques, it was possible to determine the total phenolic compound content of 988.36 ± 3.75 mg EAG/g of extract, and the flavonoid content of 43.62 ± 1.12 mg ER/g of extract. Through HPLC analysis, the curcumin content was determined to be 437.73 ± 1.11 mg/g of extract. The extract showed DPPH radical reduction activity and an IC50 = 24.49 ± 1.69 µg/mL. And through stability studies, it can be proven that when stored under refrigeration and protected from light, a gel with C. longa extract has its degradation delayed, when compared to other storage conditions. The permeation test showed that the gel with C. longa extract obtained greater curcumin permeation than a standard solubilized in a permeation promoter. The chemical diversity of the ethanolic extract of C. longa was explored, as well as the quantification of the main marker, curcumin, resulting in the production of a formulation with antioxidant activity, which obtained promising permeation results.
- ItemAvaliação in vitro e in silico do potencial anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis de chalconas sintéticas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-29) Pereira, Giuliano da Conceição; Gonçalves, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-2454; Federico, Leonardo Bruno; Coitinho, Juliana BarbosaThe search for new therapeutic compounds is crucial to enhance the patient's clinical condition and provide treatments with minimal adverse effects. Chalcones, substances obtained from natural or synthetic sources and classified as flavonoids, share a common central structure and have garnered increasing interest due to their broad biological activity, including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The fungus species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic fungal infection with the potential to cause severe sequelae and even lead to death. Current therapeutic strategies for systemic fungal infections are time-consuming, costly, and associated with side effects. A database containing 21 chalcones was created and tested in silico for pharmacokinetic attributes, revealing high lipophilicity, gastrointestinal absorption, and permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier. The chalcones showed low Tanimoto similarity with drugs used for PCM. Prediction of chalcones' activities regarding relevant molecular targets in fungal metabolism, along with molecular docking, highlighted significant interactions, especially with fumarate reductase. In silico results were analyzed, and five compounds were selected for in vitro testing. The selected compounds exhibited moderate antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 32 to >128 µg/mL, all surpassing the standard amphotericin B. In cytotoxicity assays, the five compounds exhibited reduced IC50 values, indicating high cytotoxicity with different values before and after metabolization. Despite promising characteristics, the study suggests that using chalcones as drugs against PCM requires additional studies with the aim to optimize the structure-activity relationship.
- ItemAvaliação antitumoral de chalconas sintéticas em sistema nanoestruturado(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-28) Sampaio, Guilherme José Schwarzt; Andrade, Gracielle Ferreira; Kitagawa, Rodrigo Rezende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6699; Oliveira, Marcelo Antônio de; Beltrame, Flávio LuísThe difficulty faced in treating cancer has led to several researches aimed at developing systems that perform targeted drug delivery, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing adverse effects. In the present study, a series of substituted chalcones were evaluated for their cytotoxic action on gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using the MTT tetrazolium method, highlighting 3-methoxychalcone, 3-chlorochalcone and 3 hydroxychalcone. Considering the physicochemical characteristics of these compounds, 3-hydroxychalcone was chosen for incorporation into mesoporous silica nanoparticles due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, which could favor the incorporation process through hydrogen interactions. The synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and their surface modification with 3 aminopropyltriethoxylane (APTES) were carried out and, subsequently, 3 hydroxychalcone was incorporated into these materials. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (CHN), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and nitrogen adsorption. Furthermore, in vitro release tests were carried out to verify the release profile of 3-hydroxychalcone from mesoporous silica samples. The results obtained demonstrated that the mesoporous silica nanoparticles exhibited a gradual and prolonged release profile. In the cytotoxicity test with silica samples incorporated with 3-hydroxychalcone, important cytotoxic activity was observed (IC50 = 12.93 to 106.67 μM) against AGS and MCF-7 cells, with the MSN-CHO sample (IC50 = 12.93 to 22.30 μM) exhibited a cytotoxic effect superior to free 3-hydroxychalcone (IC50 = 47.58 to 47.97 μM). The results indicate that the nanoparticles positively influence the interaction of chalcone with tumor cells. Despite numerous published studies reporting the pharmacological potential of chalcones, few studies report the application of these compounds in drug delivery systems and the results obtained in this work indicate the great potential that these materials have for application in cancer treatment.
- ItemSíntese de chalconas, triagem in silico e in vitro e avaliação da adesão de Helicobacter pylori por docking molecular(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-29) Romagna, Rodrigo de Almeida; Kitagawa, Rodrigo Rezende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6699; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; Kawano, Daniel FábioHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that chronically infects the human stomach, a risk factor for the development of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer, being defined as group I carcinogen. It is estimated that H. pylori infects around 40% of the global population and that the persistence of the infection is related to various virulence factors, including adhesion proteins of the bacteria in the gastric epithelium. The progression of gastric lesions to cancer is related to the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, especially in cagA+ strains, which are related to increased expression of metalloproteinases, such as MMP 9. The activation of these metalloproteinases contributes to the adhesion of the bacterium in gastric cells and the evolving stages of cancer, such as enabling metastasis. Due the increasing resistance to the current therapy protocols, the search for alternative targets and candidate molecules are necessary. In this way the objective was synthetize 10 hydroxylated and methoxylated chalcones, asses their anti-H. pylori potential through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and evaluate their cytotoxicity in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and L929 to determine the selectivity index. Also, in silico studies were performed to evaluate potential anti-adhesive properties for the chalcones against H. pylori. Ten chalcones were synthetized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation using Ba(OH)2 or LiOH as catalysts with yields of 10 to 52% and were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). Predictive in silico assays using PASS Online, Tanimoto similarity, ADME properties and molecular docking in MMP-9 (PDB code: 6ESM) were performed and revealed the possibility of anti-H. pylori, anti inflammatory and MMP-9 inhibitors for the chalcones. All chalcones exhibited strong activity against H. pylori, specially 2,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone 9, that showed the best growth inhibition values for MIC and MBC, being 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The 2'-hydroxy 4'-methoxy-2-chlorochalcone 14 and 2',3',4'-trimethoxychalcone 15 also showed significant inhibition results, being 2 μg/mL for both MIC and MBC. Also, 15 presented the best MMP-9 inhibition score, in silico. Despite not corroborating the in silico data, 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy 2-methoxychalcone 10, 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-methoxy-5-bromochalcone 13, and 2' hydroxy-2-chloronaphthalenone 18 showed notewhorthy cytotoxicity and the best selectivity indices. The predicted MMP-9 inhibition by molecular docking added by the MIC, MBC, SI and the CI50 values for 18 revealed that this substance may be a drug candidate by acting synergically to reduce the inflammatory response and the possibilities for developing a tumor by inhibiting both bacteria growth, it's adhesion and malignant cells proliferation.