Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
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- ItemUtilização de cogeração de energia elétrica e térmica para melhorar a etapa de secagem do lodo de excesso de reator UASB(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-14) Zardo Junior, Orlando; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-9451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604327349698525; Campos, Rosane Hein de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-8069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3005395964947888; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-2107; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3646856154282871; Mendonça, Neyson Martins; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-8069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-5737; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2276795519317927The interdependence between water, energy, and food is central to sustainable development, especially in the face of challenges such as climate change and urbanization. This study assesses the cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy in a solar drying system for sludge from a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) anaerobic reactor, aiming for energy efficiency and economic feasibility. The research integrates an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system with a solar greenhouse, analyzing the influence of temperature on heat and mass transfer during drying, in addition to economic indicators such as payback, IRR, and EROI. The methodology applied includes: 1) Solar drying – use of a chapel-type greenhouse, with resistive loads inside, coupled to a solar collector with a blower; 2) Economic indicators – calculation of payback, internal rate of return (IRR), and energy return on investment (EROI) to assess the profitability of the photovoltaic system; 3) Environmental analysis: quantification of the carbon emissions avoided by replacing fossil fuel sources with solar energy. The main results were: 1) Solar drying efficiency – average temperatures from 35°C to 67°C inside the greenhouse, with an 85% reduction in sludge volume; 2) Specific energy consumption of 1.55 kWh/kg of evaporated water, lower than thermal methods (between 1.77 and 2.86 kWh/kg); 3) Economic feasibility – payback of 6.15 years for the photovoltaic system, with an IRR of 12% per year and an EROI of 8.3, higher than the global average (between 6 and 8); 4) Avoided carbon: 5.36 tons of CO2 over 25 years; 5) Biosolid as a resource: total solids content >70%, suitable for agricultural use (CONAMA Class B); 6) 99.9% reduction in Escherichia coli load, ensuring sanitary safety. Conclusions: The integration of photovoltaic systems with solar drying proved to be technically and economically feasible, aligning with the principles of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 and the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12,305/2010).
- ItemA mariscagem nas áreas de preservação ambiental da cidade de Vitória-ES: contribuição para a gestão compartilhada dos resíduos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-12-20) Gava, Martina Raphael; Caser, Karla do Carmo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-1793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4591480447257505; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4014-7652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1298576212485923 ; Ferreira, Gilton Luís; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Souza, Jonio Ferreira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-2300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2935785128835895Shellfish farming is understood as a fishing activity carried out by traditional communities with great importance in financial, food and cultural support. However, this generates negative impacts due to the accumulation of waste disposed in inappropriate locations after the mollusc processing process, which generates shells as the main waste. Associated with the importance of the activity, the need to mitigate these negative effects motivated several studies on the use of this waste and several authors verified the feasibility of using it in different areas of production. In the city of Vitória-ES, the sururu shellfishing activity is carried out on the rocky coastal shores inserted in the conservation units Environmental Protection Area (APA) Baía das Tartarugas and Estação Ecológica Municipal Ilha do Lameirão, in addition to the mangrove ecosystem, which covers 18 km2 of the municipality’s territorial space. As in other places where shellfishing takes place, the municipality also faces problems related to the inadequate disposal of waste resulting from this practice. This work's main objective is to study sururu seafood in environmental preservation areas in the city of Vitória, with the aim of offering subsidies for shared waste management through its use. To track and analyze the complex relationships that involve the inadequate disposal of waste arising from this activity, the research was based on Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory, identifying the actors involved and their connections. To this end, semi-structured interview techniques, trace mapping, bibliographic and documentary research, and data organization through cartography were adopted. The results allowed the updating of the shell waste deposition map in Vitória, and indicated that the lack of structures for processing and the absence of programs for the use of shells corroborate the development of the culture of throwing away, generating waste that is reflected in social and environmental impacts. Added to this issue is the fragility of relations between the municipal government and shellfish farmers, the disarticulation of shellfish farmers among themselves and the difficulty of dialogue with the local population, providing a negative picture that encompasses all those responsible for waste management. Regarding the mitigation of environmental impacts associated with the disposal of shellfish waste, strategic locations were identified for the installation of selective collectors and potential use of waste as soil fertilizer for the municipality of Vitória.
- ItemA tragédia de Iconha/ES em 2020 : modelagem hidrológica e hidrodinâmica bidimensional de evento extremo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-26) Guzzo, Renan Ribeiro; Rigo, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-8853; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3123069911337026; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4914-3502; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3352103200714515; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-5737; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2276795519317927; Mello, Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607319033421081; Saliba, Aloysio Portugal Maia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-3295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5334113674873739; Silva, Alexson Caetano da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-7378; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-7378; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1494180100858991Natural disasters have become increasingly frequent. On January 17, 2020, the city of Iconha, located in the south of Espírito Santo, suffered the biggest flood of all time, causing significant damage, and leaving 1,919 people left their home, 58 homeless and 4 dead COMPEC (2022). The objective of this work was to evaluate the intensities of sub-daily rainfall occurring in the region of Iconha/ES, compare with the precipitation, duration and frequency curves of the rain gauge station with daily data and generate the hydrograph of the flood of the Iconha river, through the transformation model rain on grid with two-dimensional hydrodynamic flow, considering the rain incident in the river basin varying in time and space through the inverse square distance interpolation method. The information and records confirmed the good security of the model and together with the result of the simulated hydrograph, the existence of distortions in the maximum flow monitoring data from the Iconha River Fluviometric Station was confirmed. Therefore, it is recommended not to use these data for studies of maximum flows, especially with high periods of returns, and it is suggested to use a flood spot and a simulated flow model for adoption in future studies and projects
- ItemEfeitos ambientais dos resíduos da pesca artesanal em Marataízes, Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-23) Brumana, João Vitor da Silva; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-5553; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8272405462162388; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6252-4954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762930312698510; Ferreira, Gilton Luís ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Cabral, Joilson de Assis ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-0195; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912633890004376; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/Artisanal fishing is a cornerstone of coastal communities in Espírito Santo, Brazil, providing a vital source of livelihood for numerous families. Its significance extends beyond economic aspects, encompassing cultural and social dimensions, forging a deep connection between communities and the environment. Despite its crucial role, the generation of waste from fish processing poses a significant challenge for the fishing sector. The current management of this waste is characterized by worrying irregularities, leading to substantial negative environmental impacts. This inadequate management not only jeopardizes the quality of marine ecosystems but also contributes to large-scale environmental manipulation. This research delves into the critical role of artisanal fishing in the environmental impacts associated with fishing activities in the municipality of Marataízes, Espírito Santo. The primary objective is to evaluate the environmental impacts resulting from the irregular disposal of waste from artisanal fishing in the Barra do Itapemirim and Pontal ports, located in the municipality of Marataízes. The methodology employed in this study integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Initially, the evaluation of the artisanal fishermen's profile involved the application of questionnaires, following a documentary methodological approach. This stage encompassed aspects identified in the diagnosis, including the disposal of waste resulting from fish processing. To analyze the composition of the generated waste, physical, chemical, and nutritional characterizations were performed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the waste generated in the process. The results and analyses of this research enabled the characterization of the fishermen's profile and fishing activities in the studied communities. Furthermore, it was possible to understand the composition of fish waste, noting the significant presence of lipids, proteins, and energy. It was also identified that the continuous disposal of this waste is causing significant environmental impacts due to the high concentration of the parameters found. This made it possible to suggest measures for the reuse of this waste, such as the production of fishmeal, aiming to mitigate these impacts and promote a more sustainable use of available resources
- ItemO impacto da gestão de resíduos industriais siderúrgicos no ESG(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-05) Cunha Junior, Zenilte Ramos da; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; https://orcid.org/0000000260597641; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4578598827999538; Ferreira, Gilton Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Brandli, Luciana LonderoESG, the acronym for Environmental, Social and Governance dimensions, has seen a 1200% increase in searches between 2021 and 2022 on Google Trends. Such interest developed over the years points in a direction of sustainable consciousness of the younger generation and although the term ESG and the concept of sustainability are not new, it is in the last few years that ESG has entered the vocabulary of top leadership and capital investors for good. Despite this, there is no minimal consensus on a sufficiently organized metric that would facilitate the measurement of ESG practices in companies. In this context, this research seeks to bring focus to one of the factors that compose and can impact ESG management, industrial solid waste. In Brazil, among the main waste generators are steel and metallurgical companies, which have few ESG initiatives and are the subject of this research, which aims to assess the impact of solid industrial waste management on the ESG approach, based on theories and studies such as the social capital approach, taking into account the interaction between waste generating and processing companies, ESG, and the 5 Rs of sustainability for waste management. The results obtained from the analyses indicate that among the 5 Rs of waste management, reuse does not correlate with ESG factors, pointing to a little explored theme in steel mills and waste managers. Social capital only mediates the relationship between rethinking and refusing in the model developed for steel mills, and for the other Rs no relationship between Social Capital and ESG was identified. Another point identified was the waste management strategy used by each of the 06 steel mills evaluated through the GRI reports. Through this analysis we can identify that the steel mills do not clearly disclose the main initiatives for improving GRSI, despite this, the results of their employees' perception of GRSI can be observed through interviews.