A expressão do sujeito pronominal em peças de teatro capixabas: uma análise em tempo real
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Data
2025-08-28
Autores
Rodran, Iesa Venturin Mulinari de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This research, based on Variationist Sociolinguistics (Labov [1972], 2008; Weinreich, Labov, Herzog [1968], 2006) and Historical Sociolinguistics (Romaine, 2009 [1982]; Conde-Silvestre, 2007), proposes a real-time investigation, in the context of the Capixaba variety, on the ongoing change in Brazilian Portuguese towards an increased frequency of expression of the pronominal subject. Identified by variationist studies such as those by Paredes Silva (1988), Duarte (1995; 2018 [1993]), Genuíno (2017) and Massariol (2018), this change consists of the growing need to express the subject of verbs with a personal pronoun. The introduction of the new forms "você" (you), "vocês" (you're), and "a gente" (we're) into the Brazilian Portuguese personal pronoun system is considered a trigger for this process. Because they are derived from nominal syntagms, these new pronouns share their verb forms with the third person, creating the need for expression to avoid ambiguity. We used 12 written plays from Espírito Santo as our analysis material, from which 4,785 data points were collected. The plays were distributed across four synchronies spanning a period from the late 19th century to the early 2000s. We sought to investigate the influence of linguistic and social factors on the change, always bearing in mind that the linguistic production under analysis is an artistic creation by the authors, who project onto the characters their perception of the linguistic usage of their time. The overall results confirmed our hypothesis that the second person would be the most altered throughout the synchronies, as it underwent the introduction of the new pronominal forms in both the singular and plural. The 1st and 3rd person pronouns showed very similar trajectories, with an unexpected drop in frequency in period III. Thus, our hypothesis that the 1st person, with the stabilization of the use of the pronoun "a gente," would show more changes than the 3rd person was not confirmed. We observed a predominance of the influence of linguistic factors over social ones, which was expected, given that we are dealing with a phenomenon considered below the level of consciousness. Despite this, social factors also proved significant, which is not typically the case in studies on this phenomenon, indicating that the expression of the pronominal subject was used as a resource to characterize the characters.
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Sociolinguística variacionista , Sujeito pronominal , Português capixaba