Adaptação transcultural e avaliação das evidências de validade do “health care provider HIV/AIDS stigma scale” para uso no Brasil
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Data
2024-05-03
Autores
Ribeiro, Paula Gonçalves
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction. The stigma of healthcare students towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) is a potential barrier to effective care. In Brazil, the absence of instruments assessing the stigma of healthcare students towards PLHIV prevents understanding the extent of this issue. Objective. To validate the Health Care Provider Stigma Scale (HPASS) for use among healthcare students in Brazil. Method. The research was conducted in three phases: 1) Cross-cultural adaptation of the HPASS into Brazilian Portuguese; 2) Evaluation of validity evidence based on the content of the HPASS; 3) Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the HPASS. Phase 1: Cross-cultural adaptation was performed in six steps: translation into Brazilian Portuguese, synthesis of translations, evaluation of equivalence by an expert committee, evaluation by the target audience, and back-translation into English. Phase 2: Content validity evidence was established based on feedback from a committee of four specialists. Phase 3: Psychometric properties were evaluated using a sample of Brazilian healthcare students (Nursing, Pharmacy, Medicine, Dentistry) by convenience sampling. Evidence of validity based on internal structure was examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency was assessed by composite reliability. Evidence of validity based on relationship with other variables was evaluated through correlation between HPASS scores and indices of religiosity and knowledge about HIV/aids. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CAAE: 59670422.8.0000.5060 n° 5.995.451). Results. In phase 1, the cross-cultural translation and adaptation performed were considered satisfactory for the target audience and the author of the original scale. Phase 2: The content validity coefficient for the Brazilian version of the HPASS was 0.90. Phase 3: The sample consisted of 553 healthcare students. Analysis of evidence of validity based on internal structure, conducted through parallel analysis, indicated retention of two factors, with explained variance of factor 1= 42.08% (discrimination/prejudice) and factor 2= 9.92% (stereotype). Composite reliability for the factors was 0.96 (discrimination/prejudice) and 0.85 (stereotype). Evaluation of evidence of validity based on relationship with other variables showed statistically significant correlation between scores of the Brazilian version of the HPASS and religiosity and knowledge about HIV/aids. Conclusion. The Brazilian version of the HPASS is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing HIV stigma among Portuguese-speaking healthcare students in Brazil. Its psychometric properties were satisfactory, and it proved to be a simple and reliable scale. The adapted HPASS can be used for educational and research purposes among healthcare students. Future studies should investigate the scale's properties among healthcare students from different regions and healthcare professionals.
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Palavras-chave
Estigma social , Estudantes de ciências da saúde , Estudo de validação