ADOLESCENTES QUE VIVEM COM HIV/AIDS NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO: CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS E REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS
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Data
2022-10-18
Autores
Fialho, Camila Bruno
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In recent years, there has been an increase in cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among adolescents and young people. Thus, it is essential to know this population to scientifically support health actions and policies. Objectives: To identify the epidemiological characteristics and social representations of aids among adolescents living with HIV/aids in the state of Espírito Santo. Methodology: Quantitative-qualitative study. 1) Quantitative part. Ecological study, in which HIV/AIDS notifications were analyzed among adolescents, aged 13 to 19 years, who lived in the state of Espírito Santo, between 2010 and 2020. 2) Qualitative part. Interviews of those adolescents, infected via vertical transmission, who were treated at the state's referral hospital. Content Analysis and Descending Hierarchical Classification were used to analyze qualitative data, and Descriptive and Spatial Analysis were used to process quantitative data. Results and discussion: We found 523 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in the analyzed period (average of 47 cases/year). A higher frequency of HIV/AIDS cases was observed in male adolescents, over 16 years old, of mixed race/color, who attended high school and lived in the metropolitan region, close to the capital. The most frequent route of infection was sexual, in homosexual relationships. The HIV viral load was detectable in almost all cases and 11 (6,8%) of these adolescents died. Among the adolescents currently undergoing treatment, 13 were interviewed, aged between 13 and 17 years old, of both sexes. In this group, 8 adolescents had a detectable viral load. The analysis of the narratives showed that although Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) does not have a great impact on the adolescents' routine (since they have been undergoing treatment since childhood, already adapted to the routine of consultations/exams/medication), non- adherence practices were mentioned. These adolescents face the difficulty of dealing with the death of their parents and revealing to their friends and boyfriend that they are living with HIV, reducing their social support network. The social representations of AIDS, therefore, for this group, are more associated with the psychosocial context than with biomedical issues. Conclusion: The high frequency of detectable viral load signals serious public health problems, such as late diagnosis and lack of adherence to ART. Adherence, among adolescents living with HIV since birth, appeared intrinsically linked to social representations, as the adolescents interviewed live in a sociocultural context where common sense continues to share representations with negative elements about AIDS, a fact that restricts the network of support, so important for treatment adherence.
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Adolescente , HIV , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Adesão à Medicação , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Ativa