A exploração de madeira e a territorialização do capital no norte do Espírito Santo (1920 – 1985)
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Data
2024-11-29
Autores
Silva, Edmilton da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This dissertation displays the analyses of the relationship between timber exploitation in the Atlantic Forest and the territorialization of capital in northern Espírito Santo, focusing on the economic and political importance of the timber exploitation for this state, as well as for the region and municipalities themselves. This economic activity played an essential role in the territorialization of capital and the effective colonization of the area, which took place in the 1980s. The research focuses on the years 1920 and 1985 because they embody the representation of a period, the beginning and the decline, of timber exploitation in northern Espírito Santo. To this end, it relies on oral history as a methodology, in addition to extensive documentation formed, among others, by Government Messages and Reports, The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Censuses, newspapers and specialized magazines. In this context, it was possible to detected the existence of agricultural frontiers, as characteristic phenomena of capitalist expansion, closely related to the emergence of northern Espírito Santo as an economic and political region, as being a typical zone of timber exploitation as well. This exploitation was carried out through the operation of hundreds of companies (mostly small and medium-sized, regularized and clandestine) in the wood and furniture sectors. Some of these companies were private sector enterprises under concession agreement, others belonged to local politicians (colonels, some of them with long family traditions), others were formed in a context of violence over politics, land and logging. The timber exploitation was specialized, complex and arduous, was carried out mainly by wage workers with labor rights that were not always guaranteed, became one of the most significant sources of income for the State Government. More relevant, in fact, than the documentation allows us to assess.
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Exploração de madeira , Territorialização do capital , Fronteiras agrícolas , Coronelismo , Norte do Espírito Santo