Agricultura Tropical

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17346

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical

Centro: CEUNES
Telefone: (27) 3312 1701
URL do programa: http://agriculturatropical.ufes.br

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Atributos físicos do solo cultivado com plantas de cobertura sob dois regimes hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-28) Ramos, Raquel Cristina; Belo, Alessandra Ferreira; Bonomo, Robson; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Among the soil conservation practices used to improve soil quality and production, we highlight the use of plants with a cover function, which are arranged on or embedded in the soil surface, contribute to the maintenance of humidity, reduction of extremes temperature and increase of organic matter, reflecting positively on the physical attributes of soil. The objective was to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil with the use of cover crops under two water regimes for two years in order to contribute to the adoption of no-tillage system in the northern region of Espírito Santo. The work was conducted in the field, in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol, using experimental design in DBC, in subdivided plots, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The cover plants evaluated were: four cultivars of Pennisetum glaucum (ADR 300, ADR 500, ADRf 6010 and BRS 1501), Brachiaria ruziziensis and Canavalia ensiformis; the irrigation depths were 76 mm (L1) and 38 mm (L2). (Ds), total pore volume (VTP), microporosity (Mi), macroporosity (Ma), geometric mean diameter (DMG) and weighted mean diameter (DMP); hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil (Ksat) and soil penetration resistance (RMP). In the first year of cultivation, few significant differences were observed in the attributes Ds, DMG and DMP in the 0-0,2 m layer. In general, higher soil densities were observed in the largest leaf, regardless of the cover species used. Soil density increased in the second year, but there was the effect of the cover plants on the two irrigation slides with the time reducing the PR, indicating improvement in soil quality. Cover plants interfere in the improvement of physical attributes, especially in situations of water stress. ADRf 6010 is the millet cultivation more indicated 11 as a cover plant for 76 mm blade. And B. ruziziensis was the plant with the best results for 38 mm.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em área sob diferentes usos na Região Norte do Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Pinto, Flávia Barreto; Bonomo, Robson; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Considering an increasing demand related to Brazil's agricultural production becomes a need for greater and better understanding of how to keep it sustainable, it is important to keep a good soil for future crops have a suitable environment and it has good productivity. Studies about soil physical and chemical attributes allows a good indication of the quality of a given soil. In this sense, it was evaluated in this study changes in physical and chemical properties in areas with different uses within a property located in the city of Jaguaré-ES. The areas studied were under the homogeneous planting conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) (Cc); rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) (S); consortium with rubber tree and conilon coffee (SCc); consortium with rubber tree and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) (SCo); consortium with rubber tree, black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) (SPCa); and native vegetation (MN). The experiment was carried out by sampling in five installments of 6 x 6 meters on each use system. The chemical attributes were analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths are: soil organic matter (SOM), pH, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, H + Al, sum of bases (SB), effective CEC (t), potencial CEC (T), base saturation (V) and Al saturation (m). The physical attributes analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths were: texture, particle density, soil density, macro and microporosity and aggregate stability. At 15 and 30cm depths were analyzed hydraulic conductivity and 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40cm penetration soil resistance. Data were subjected to variance analysis and treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It used also Tocher grouping method based on the Mahalanobis dispersion. MN had lower penetration soil resistance and soil density and higher macroporosity compared to other areas, probably due to the higher values of soil organic matter. The areas under Cc and agroforestry system SPCa were similar when evaluated particle density, soil density, total porosity, microporosity, microporosity and sand, clay and silt percentage. The covers Cc and MN were similar when was considered the chemistry and analyzed depths. The management adopted in Cc area performed better than adopted in agroforestry viii systems in the upper layers. It worked more effectively, improving the quality of soil chemical properties. The agricultural use of the soil, even in the case of perennial crops, caused changes in soil physical properties and degraded soil organic matter when compared with original condition.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistema silvipastoril
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-27) Taufner, Gisela Azevedo; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo; Gontijo, Ivoney; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Pires, André Assis
Changes in physical and chemical soil attributes were assessed in a silvopastoral system over time, taken on a gradient away from the trees. The experiment was conducted from 03/2010 to 09/2012 at Embrapa South-East Cattle Research Center, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil (21° 57' 33" S; 47° 51' 06" W). The silvopastoral system was implanted in 2007 with the planting of native trees in a Brachiaria decumbens pasture in soil LVA and LV medium to evaluate the influence of the tree component in the physical and chemical soil under silvopastoral system. In about eight hectares, the trees were planted in strips spaced 17 m in pastures with electric fence protection . Sampling was made in 4 different points regarding the distances from the row of trees: 0.0m; 2 m; 4.75 m; 8.5 m; at 3 depths: 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-40 cm; with 4 and 5 replications to physical and chemical attributes respectively. From physical attributes were determined: soil density, macro and micro porosity, aggregate stability and soil resistance to penetration at 0-20 and 20-40 cm. For chemical attributes were determined pH and levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, organic matter (OM), potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable aluminum (Al), cation exchange capacity, sulfur (S), base saturation and aluminum saturation. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean treatment were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For the physical attributes significant differences were found for all assessed characteristics related with depth, being observed significant increase of organic matter to the system, favoring aggregation and soil structure at depth of 0-10 cm. The chemical attributes that XIV express improvement of soil fertility were higher at a depth of 0-10 cm and were not benefited by the presence of trees. There was an increase of the value from the first to the second year of assessment. Assessments are needed over time to monitor these attributes, it is expected that with the system stabilization it is possible to achieve conclusive results about the influence of afforestation in silvopastoral systems.
Efeito da aplicação de fontes e doses de nitrogênio nos atributos químicos do solo, na extração de nutrientes e na produção do capim-mombaça
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-25) Rosado, Thiago Lopes; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Gontijo, Ivoney; Passos, Renato Ribeiro
The pastures represent the basis of bovine feeding in Brazil, which in its most part, are managed in extensive pastures. However, nutritional limitations, especially regarding nitrogen, contribute for the low forages production on the managed areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of nitrogen sources and doses on the chemical soil attributes, on the development and extraction of mombaça grass nutrients. The experiment was developed among October 2011 and April 2012, on the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo campus Santa Teresa. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with three replications, in factorial scheme 3 x 6, with three nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) and six nitrogen levels (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 kg ha-1), applied during the experimental period, totalizing 54 experimental units. The nitrogen doses were divided in 7 applications, and the treatments were applied at each 28 days, always after the forage cut, totalizing 7 cuts during the experimental period of 196 days. In each cut, the forage plant was collected with the assistance of an iron square of 50 x 50 and cut with a steel scissor. The material collected in each fragment was taken to the hothouse with air circulation, for the determination of previous dry matter. After drying, the samples were ground for the dry matter determination. The triturated material was conducted to the laboratory for evaluation x of the macronutrients on the vegetable tissue and these results were used on the quantification of the nutrients extraction by the forage. At the end of the experiment, samples of soil on the depth of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were still collected with assistance of an auger hole, to evaluate the effect of the treatments application upon the chemical attributes of the soil on the different depths. The experimental results showed that, according to forage production, Mombaça grass showed to be responsive to nitrogenous fertilization, and its answer in dry matter production and number of tillers, for the same nitrogen dose, depends on the used source. The best results for dry matter production and number of tillers were obtained with the use of calcium nitrate. It was observed with the vegetable tissue analysis, that the nitrogen application promoted an increase on the macronutrients extraction by mombaça grass, due to the higher forage production. Besides, the increase on the calcium proportion in the soil, due to the application of elevated calcium nitrate doses, resulted on the decrease of absorption and extraction of magnesium. For the soil chemical attributes, it was observed elevated acidification potential with the use of ammonium sulfate. The reduction provoked on the soil pH resulted in alterations on the levels of changeable aluminum, potential acidity and on phosphorus availability. Besides, elevated nitrogen doses as ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate, promoted basis lixiviation, especially of potassium for the 20-40 cm layer.
Volumes de recipientes no crescimento de espécies florestais nativas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-12-05) Dias, Tânia Fontana; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli
In order to provide information regarding the production of seedlings of forest species of Atlantic Forest, important segment of forest restoration, the study evaluated the growth of seedlings, Calophillum brasiliense (guanandi), Cariniana estrellensis (jequitibá white), Peltophorum dubium (angico canjiquinha) e Schinus terebinthifolius (red pepper tree) grown in containers of different dimensions. The study was conducted in the nursery trade Agroforestry Atlantic (AMA), city of Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, located at 17 ° 31'08 "south latitude and 39 º 44'30" west longitude. The statistical design was randomized blocks, with four replications and five treatments composed of tubes volumetric capacity of 53, 115, 180 and 280 cm³ and plastic bag of 560 cm³. Each species was an experiment independent of the others. The influence of the volume of the vessel growth and quality of the seedlings was determined by the following biometric parameters: shoot height, collar diameter, shoot dry biomass, root and total leaf area, high levels of relations and diameter, dry biomass and root and Quality of Dickson. To carry out the assessments were taken at random 15 central plants in each plot. The non-destructive evaluations began 30 days after transplantation for recipients, and repeated monthly until the seedlings showed morphological suitable for planting. During this time the experiment was completed, performing destructive evaluations. The results were subjected to analysis of variance SAEG statistical package (Statistical Analysis System), and the treatment means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The volume of container has significantly influenced the development of the plants for some species, indicating that plant growth was limited by restricting the root system. For Calophillum xi brasiliense (guanandi), there was statistical similarity between the seedlings of the tubes 180, 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag for all parameters evaluated. For species Cariniana estrellensis (jequitibá white), the average cartridge of 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag, were statistically similar for some parameters. Seedlings Peltophorum dubium (yopo canjiquinha), produced in the bag 560cm³ had higher averages for all parameters, and the tubes 180 and 280cm³ form similar in most parameters. To Schinus terebinthifolius (red pepper tree), the highest averages for all parameters, correspond to bag 560 cm³, except for the index that Dickson was similar between the tubes 180 and 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag. Even the highest average of indicators of quality of forest seedlings match the bag 560 cm³, its use may be impaired, since it produced all species showed folding of the root system and longer for aggregation of the root ball to the substrate. Considering substrate consumption, space requirements, length of stay in the nursery, labor, greater care with irrigation and monitoring of pests and diseases, depending on the species, may be more feasible using vessels of 180 or 280 cm³.

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