Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17616

Nível: Mestrado Profissional
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Navegando Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável por Autor "Antunes, Paulo Wagnner Pereira"

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    Influência do tempo de detenção hidráulica e da profundidade no desempenho de lagoas de alta taxa aplicadas ao pós-tratamento de efluente de reatores UASB
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-12-21) Lopes, Nattália Tose; Antunes, Paulo Wagnner Pereira; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; Campos, Rosane Hein de; Queiroz, Luciano Matos
    This research presents as objective the evaluation of the performance of High Rate Ponds (HRP) used as post treatment of UASB reactors effluent. The performance of HRP was analyzed considering the influence of the geometric characteristics and the operational conditions on the microalgae production, as well as the efficiency of the removal of organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms. Two Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT), of 3 and 6 days, and three useful depths of 30, 45 and 60 cm were evaluated in the ponds. The efficiencies of nitrogen series (NTK, N-NH4 + ) removal were affected by the useful depth. The maximum removal percentages obtained were 48% in terms of total nitrogen and 23% for phosphorus. The concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS), to estimate the microalgae production in the HRL, reached values around 132 ± 32.4 mg/L. The microalgae productivity per unit area for the 3-day HRT reached values higher than for the 6-day HRT, due to the higher application of nutrient/m2 load, with an average productivity of 20 g/m2d. Due to the higher production of microalgae with HRT of 3 days, there was a greater assimilation of nutrients by the microalgae, when compared to the stage with HRT of 6 days. Although, the main nutrients removal mechanism was attributd to the ammonia volatilization and phosphates precipitation, for both HRT. For the thermotolerants coliforms removal, it was noted that the HRT was a factor of major influence.
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    Solubilização de matéria orgânica e nutrientes do lodo algáceo de uma lagoa de estabilização através de processos hidrolíticos alcalino e térmico
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-23) Lamberti, Gisele Gavazza; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; Cassini, Sérvio Túlio Alves; Antunes, Paulo Wagnner Pereira
    Aiming to optimize the algal biomass biodegradability during anaerobic digestion, several hydrolysis processes havebeen studied, promoting increaseofenergy production by the hydrolysis of algaecellsand subproducts generation.This research has the proposeto performthermal and alkaline pretreatmentof the algae biomass in order to increase the algae biodegradability in the anaerobic digestion process through the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorussolubilization. Thisproject is part of the energy efficiency analysis of a wastewater treatment plant located in Vila Velha-ES, aiming to reduce the demand ofenergy during the treatment processes. The mixotrophic algal sludge collected for this research presented a total solids concentration of 35.1 g / L, which were analyzed for organic matter solubilization (CODs),nutrients and exopolymers. For this research, thermal hydrolysis at 90 ° C solubilized19% of CODs,while in the alkaline process at pH 12, itincreasesto21%.There was increasing solubilization of carbohydrates with the increase of temperaturein thermal pretreatment, but the same pattern was not observed during the alkaline pretreatment. The color of the biomass changed from green to brown during the treatments, which suggests that Maillard reactions occurred during the reaction time, with interactionsbetweencarbohydrates andsoluble proteins.A reduction ofsoluble phosphate concentration in the sample along the pretreatmentwas identified, suggestingthe precipitation of these with other cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, leading to the precipitation of hydroxyapatite and struvite compounds. In this way, both pretreatmentsshowed satisfactory results regarding the solubilization of organic material, nutrients, carbohydrates and proteins. Although the alkaline pretreatmentindicatedbetter results in the solubilization of organic mattter, for the general purpose of this research, thermal processes were more efficient in promoting a better solubilization of other compounds such as nutrients, carbohydrates and proteins.
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    Vazão ecológica no Espírito Santo sob a ótica dos direitos dos rios
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-04-27) Araujo, Alexandre Iunes Godinho; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-2069 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4003290201240274; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3555-3637; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3319133978325403; Ferreira, Gilton Luís ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Antunes, Paulo Wagnner Pereira ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5259147170249880
    From the perspective of the Rights of Rivers, a subfield within the Rights of Nature paradigm, which offers a new approach to Environmental Law wherein the protection of Nature is justified intrinsically, this study offers a qualitative analysis of the methodologies and criteria employed by the State of Espírito Santo to determine grantable flows and, conversely, the minimum flow to which rivers and streams are entitled, referred to as ecological flow. Based on four pioneering cases of the recognition of rights to rivers, we initially identified the main initiatives, motivations, theoretical foundations, implementation formats, practical consequences, and challenges encountered in conferring rights to non-living natural entities, specifically in the cases of Vilcabamba (Ecuador), Atrato (Colombia), Ganges/Yamuna (India), and Whanganui (New Zealand). This study examines 14 (fourteen) processes for granting the right to use water resources within the State Water Resources Agency - SWRA, aiming to understand the methods, criteria, and priorities applied in the allocation of water use rights within the context of the emergent Right of Rivers framework. Guided by the set of methodological techniques called Content Analysis, this research scrutinizes the minimum residual flow defined in Sections of Reduced Flow – SRF’s of Hydroelectric Generation Plants – HGP’s through various comparative elements: the water body, watershed, and municipality; references to the term ecological flow; the reference flow mandated and prevailing environmental standards at the time of the granting ordinance; maximum grantable flow, minimum residual flow in the SRF, and applicable environmental standards during the issuance of the granting ordinance; minimum residual flow requested by the grantee for the SRF; minimum residual flow stipulated in the granting ordinance; conditions for validity in the granting ordinance; duration of grant orders; and statements from the licensing environmental body regarding ecological flow. Ultimately, the findings indicate a persisting gap in the comprehension of ecological flow issues, with atypical requirements and decisions that do not conflict with the Rights of Rivers. Conversely, has progressively incorporated environmental flow considerations in its recent decisions, demonstrating an increased sensitivity to ecosystemic factors when deliberating grantable flows, approached on a case-by-case basis within a holistic framework