Engenharia Civil

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17613

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil

Centro: CT
Telefone: (27) 4009 2146
URL do programa: http://www.civil.ufes.br/pos-graduacao/PPGEC

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Agora exibindo 21 - 40 de 258

Estimativa de recalques de sapatas apoiadas em solos arenosos : uma abordagem probabilística
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-10-25) Bungenstab, Felipe Carvalho; Ribeiro, Rômulo Castello Henriques; Bicalho, Kátia Vanessa; Dantas, Bruno Teixeira; Aoki, Nelson
This research discuss about probabilistic settlement analysis of footings in sands, focusing on the load curve (estimated settlements). For this purpose, three methodologies that take the First Order Second Moment (FOSM), Second Order Second Moment (SOSM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methods for calculating mean and variance of the estimated settlements using the equation proposed by Schmertmann (1970) are discussed. The resistance variability curve (limit settlements) is assumed to be constant for some specific values. The deformability modulus (ESi) is considered varying according to the division of the soil into sub-layers and it is analyzed as the only independent random variable in process. As an example of the application of these methodologies, an unreal simplified case work in state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, on the use of compaction piles of sand and gravel, driven by Franki-type equipment, for densifying marine sandy soil, is discussed and evaluated. Results of the simulations indicate that there is significant similarity between SOSM and MCS methods and that the FOSM method underestimates the results due to the non-consideration of the high orders terms in Taylor expansion series. It has been also observed that the depth which the major variance contribution occurs is dependent of the ESi values in the layer analyzed, with strong influence of the IZ distribution factor, from Schmertmann (1970). The proposed probabilistic analyses may contribute to the knowing of the uncertainty in settlement estimations that can lead to more safety geotechnical design.
Revestimento de piso com porcelanato: estudo sobre especificação e execução baseado nas percepções dos profissionais envolvidos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-03-23) Muniz, Andreia Fernandes; Tristão, Fernando Avancini; Bauer, Elton; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Vieira, Geilma Lima
The Brazilian ceramic tile stands out in national and international scene with a production of 753.5 million square meters and a domestic consumption of 699.60 million square meters in 2010. Growth in production and consumption, respectively, 32.57% and 58.14% compared to 2005 (ANFACER, 2011). In this context relates to the porcelain, whose production in 2010 was 8.0% (60 million square meters) of the total production of ceramic plates. In 1999 this index was approximately 0.8% (Menegazzo et al., 2000). This growth is associated with its production process and its technical and aesthetic characteristics, which made it a suitable option for specifying different types of works. However, the specification of the porcelain is not yet understood by those involved. Furthermore, the shape is the same laying of the tiles, which can lead to pathology. On porcelain, the objective is to demonstrate how the specification is made by manufacturers in catalogs, how to evaluate the specification and use of catalogs by design professionals, know how to market and see what the problems in implementing the flooring with porcelain. Expected to contribute to the adequacy of standards catalogs, making the query tools in the acquisition of the coating by the consumer and the stage of specification, made by design professionals. For the execution stage, attest to the need to develop a specific standard for implementation of the porcelain coating, suitable for the specific properties of porcelain. The methodology includes review of the state of the art and field research through questionnaires, personal interviews with the professionals involved. The survey results show that the catalogs are incomplete, design professionals use the experience of sellers to specify the execution of the work is flawed, the settlers are not qualified to perform standard and ceramic coating needs to have specific recommendations for implementation of porcelain.
A influência da envoltória no consumo energético em edifícios comerciais artificialmente climatizados na cidade de Vitória-ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-03) Bernabé, Ana Carolina Alves; Alvarez, Cristina Engel de; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Fardin, Jussara Farias; Multfarth, Roberta Consentino Kronka
The deployment of cities have motivated the proposition of building more and more vertical in order to meet the demands for urban densification. Over time, the vertical development was linked to new technologies that initially came to give to the architect more projectual freedom. However, the possibility of reproducing models referenced in a modern and international style, led some professionals to neglect the close relation between architecture and the environment that it is inserted, leaving to artificial systems the role of ensuring thermal comfort for the users. However, the new energy scenario brought a reflection of the high demand for energy consumption in buildings, resulting in discussions, studies and development of a new reality, based on the concepts of energy efficiency. It is within this perspective that the research falls. The goal is to identify how and how much some strategies applicable to architectural envelope and inserted in the climate context of Vitória-ES, can influence the energy consumption of commercial buildings verticalized and artificially conditioned. The methodology proposed 108 models parameterized matching values for five investigated variables, they are: orientation, window wall ratio, solar factor, the existence of sun protection and absorptance of the opaque surface. These buildings were modeled after a reference building, so all other variables were controlled. As output data for the simulations we have established the final energy consumption. The analysis of these results was established in two ways. The first included the classification of the models that have achieved the level of efficiency through the procedure established by RTQ-C. The second involves the analysis of general and individual influence of each variable, and the potential for increase and reduction of energy expenditure of each one. As a result, it was found that changing the variables investigated led to a reduction of up to 27.88% in final consumption for the proposed model. The investigative tests suggest an even greater potential savings face to the most appropriate use of louvers and indicate the importance of lighting control in some cases.
Engenharia simultânea: planejamento e controle integrado do processo de produção/projeto na construção civil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-10) Pedrini, Manuela Kautscher; Alvarez, Cristina Engel de; Ferreira, Claudio Lima; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Alvarenga, Augusto
The term Concurrent Engineering (CE) designates several concepts with the purpose of optimizing the time spent in the production of manufactured goods. Although this term has not been incorporated in the construction industry, studies about the management of building projects incorporate many of its ideas. The goal of my work is to discuss the application of CE within Civil Engineering, more specifically to study its suitability in the projects of the construction of buildings and to propose a framework to apply CE’s concepts in the design phase of the project. The motivation of my research derives from the current scenario of the construction industry in Brazil, in which construction companies have been searching for technological innovations in the process of developing new products. I used two case studies to assess the current state of the design process. Questionnaires and technical summaries served to identify the phases more likely to be optimized by CE, and to pinpoint the difficulties in applying CE. Results indicate that there is space to improve the new product development process, and that the adoption of CE is an alternative to provide such improvements.
Cascalho de perfuração de poços de petróleo e gás. Estudo do potencial de aplicação em concreto
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-04) Fialho, Poline Fernandes; Tristão, Fernando Avancini; Nunes Filho, Evaristo; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Vieira, Geilma Lima; Dal Molin, Denise Carpena Coitinho; Marconi, Flávia Maria
The drilling of petroleum wells generates many residues such as waste fluids and drill cuttings. The management of those drilling wastes has been a problem to the petroleum and gas industry not only due to the significant amount of residues generated but also due to the presence of both organic and inorganic contaminants in their composition. Studies for the reuse of drill cuttings in building materials are recent. They show possible alternatives of use of this material such as in pavement sub-base layers, in ceramic materials, and in cement-based materials. This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of two types of drill cuttings as a replacement and as an addition in unarmed concrete. Laboratory tests were performed to characterize the materials used in the concrete fabrication, in particular the drill cuttings, as well as control testing in concrete technology. The obtained results in this research showed that the interactions of drill cuttings with cement-based materials are related to their previous characterization. The replacement of sand by drill cuttings from the first phase of well drilling in the concrete mixture significantly changes the rheology of fresh concrete. The proportions tested did not compromise the concrete mechanical properties. Changes in concrete microstructure were only observed in the concrete samples with the addition of drill cuttings from the third phase of well drilling process. Those have become more porous and the formation of hydrated compounds occurred more slowly. The method of qualitative detection of free chloride did not identify chlorides in the concrete samples. Finally, it can be concluded that it is possible either the replacement of drill cuttings in concrete considering the levels tested in this study.
Aderência de revestimento de argamassa em bloco de concreto celular autoclavado
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-14) Pagani, Angelo; Tristão, Fernando Avancini; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Vieira, Geilma Lima; Araújo, Georgia Serafim
This study aims at deepening investigations on adherence of mortar coats to autoclaved aerated concrete block.Among the materials used for sealing, autoclaved aerated concrete block is the one with the lowest thermal transmittance rate and lowest density, which qualifies it to be employed and also lead to reduction in costs of building structures. We investigated characteristics of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks such as apparent dry density, compressive strength, water initial and total absorption, and substrate adherence strength. Although it is a laboratorial test, we adopted solutions that can be used in the construction site, such as water spraywashing the substrate to eliminate dust that can compromise adherence; wetting coat mortar with water 12 hours after curing begins so as to avoid early evaporation of water; and wetting substrate before applying coat mortar. Fresh state mortar consistency, water retention, exudation, mass density and air content were investigated. For hardened mortars, mass density, bending tensile strength, compressive strength, wicking and wicking coefficient were assessed. In its fixed state, substrate was assessed for water absorption through pipe method and pull-off adherence strength. Study mortar mixes had variations in each of their components (cement, lime and sand) and mixing water was constant in relation to the amount of sand, with a small variation in the consistency rate. Test results showed that pull-off adherence strength that autoclaved aerated concrete blocks can stand is higher than those set by coating adherence standards, and that washing and wetting treatments of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks improve adherence of mortars to substrates.
Análise de demanda por transportes de passageiros via modelos de regressão georeferenciados
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-06-29) Ribeiro, Valéria da Cruz; Morais Neto, Gregório Coelho de; Bertolde, Adelmo Inácio; Cruz, Marta Monteiro da Costa; Shirakawa, Márcia Aiko
This dissertation - Analysis of Demand for Passenger Transport via Regression Models georeferenced - presents, and a methodology for the construction of spatial regression models and geographically weighted, a risk assessment when compared to traditional regression models and regression models with dummies variables in order to forecast demand for travel to the city of Vitoria, capital of Espirito Santo, in order to obtain information that can subsidize the transportation planning more effectively. For this, we used data from the household survey of origin and destination (OD) held in 1998 in the metropolitan region of Vitoria, four models were calibrated regression modeling of travel demand: Traditional Model Regression, Regression Model dummy Regression Model Space and Geographically Weighted Regression Model. After calibration, the models were tested from the application data in the household survey of origin and destination conducted in 2007 in the same city, to compare and validate the estimate. We conclude that the main hypothesis, or part thereof, considered in this work was confirmed that a regression model spatial or geographically weighted distances can be more explanatory than conventional regression models, since the calibration of travel demand models by weighted regression model showed values of statistical adjustments smaller than the other models.
Requisitos de iluminação natural nos sistemas de avaliação de edificios e impactos energéticos em edificações comerciais no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-07-09) Santos, Laila Souza; Alvarez, Cristina Engel de; Fardin, Jussara Farias; Krause, Claudia Mariz de Lyra Barroso
In the last decades, many countries started certifying buildings with a supposed superior environmental performance. In Brazil, the use of building assessment systems originally developed in countries with their own construction practices, energy, geography and climate conditions, has generate a lot of criticism in academia. An example would be the exigency, in Brazil, that sustainable buildings were to meet the daylight requirements of assessment systems proposed for sites where the availability of daylight is considerably lower than it is in Brazil and where the demand for heating is real in winter times. This work started from the premise that the application of these systems could encourage the construction of energy-inefficient buildings in Brazil, caused by the introduction of excessive daylight in architectural interiors. Thus, the aims here consisted of evaluating the energy impacts of meeting the daylight requirements set by imported systems with possible application in Brazil, such as AQUA, BREEAM and LEED. The methodological procedures included development of parametric models with different solar orientations, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), shading devices and protection angles. These models were simulated in DIALux and DesignBuilder softwares in five brazilian cities, in order to identify the models meeting the daylight requirements in building assessment systems and to measure their energy impacts when subjected to different brightness of the sky. The results allowed to identify that methodologies based on daylight factor (DF) as an indicator of daylight use does not favor the proposition of more energy-efficient buildings and that, in general, there is little consensus on what is considered appropriate for luminous performance, since only one third of the models meet the requirements in all assessment systems investigated. Among them, all simuntaneously presented WWR of 100% and the use of shading devices, which increase the energy consumption spent with electric lighting and air conditioning by about 20% when compared to similar models with WWR of 50%, indicating that rating systems do not necessarily represent improvements in environmental performance of buildings.
Arquitetura institucional de ensino superior: ações sustentáveis projetuais baseadas nas categorias do LEED Schools NC-V3
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-10-30) Bastos, Celso Silva; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Oliveira, Marcel Olivier Ferreira de; Barcelos, Fabrício Broseghini
This study consists in an approach to sustainability in construction, analyzing the concepts of sustainable development and proposing solutions that aim the reduction of environmental impacts, efficient use of materials and water consumption in the building sector. The objective of this research is to expound the sustainable actions applied to a project adopted as an example, referring to a building for educational use, in a qualitative way, emphasizing the use of a system that reuses the water from air conditioning condensation system proposed by the author, based on the certification tool and criteria of LEED Schools NC - v3, without, however, having the purpose of achieving scores. Thus, the author sought to contribute to reducing environmental impacts through the construction of projective procedures adopted for the construction of a building of higher education in the city of Vitória, ES. In this work it will be presented models and sustainable concepts, programmed solutions and systems research in international, national and local buildings that achieve high environmental performance. Subsequently, assessment methodologies are described of environmental performance in the world. As an example, some school buildings environmentally certified cited will be mencioned and the results of their environmental performance will be evaluated. The results demonstrated that a considerable reduction in the consumption of water and energy can be achieved, in addition to improved productivity environments designed with materials with low volatile organic compounds and proper acclimatization.
Estudo da influência da interação solo-atmosfera nos perfis de umidade, sucção e temperatura de um subsolo não saturado
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-11-22) Vivacqua, Gabriel Peixoto Derenzi; Bicalho, Kátia Vanessa; Pires, Patrício José Moreira; Dantas, Bruno Teixeira; Oliveira Filho, Waldyr Lopes de
The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of the soil-atmosphere interaction on the soil moisture, suction and temperature profile of an unsaturated subsoil. It is also investigated the depth of the active zone , the region of the soil influenced by climatic changes. A soil-atmosphere interface numerical model is used to calculate the rate of evaporation from the soil, and a mass flow equation (liquid water - Darcys Law and vapour - Ficks Law) coupled with a heat flow equation (de Vries, 1987) have been adopted to determine the soil temperature, moisture and pore pressure profiles. For the numerical simulations is adopted a one-dimensional computer program which uses the Finite Difference Method for solving simultaneously the mass flow (liquid and vapour water) and heat flow partial differential equations. The analyzes uses a set of climate data from Mormoiron, France, between the years 2004 and 2005. During the analysis, soil parameters and climatic data were manipulated, and the results of the analysis were compared with reference cases. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned: (a) a variation on the initial soil temperature profile (ITP) can affect the soil temperature profiles, especially in the deeper region where the soil temperature remains stable throughout the year; (b) the Albedo parameter can do affect the soil temperature profile, especially in the hot season (great solar radiation). During the winter, changes in albedo values has quite no influence in the soil temperature and water content; (c) the active zone in the study region has about 1.5 m. From this depth, the soil temperature, moisture and suction profiles becomes practically constant over the year; (d) the use of average values, as daily inputs, modify the depth of the active zone, suggesting that under extreme conditions the depth of the active zone, in a particular region, can be changed; (e) the intensity and distribution of the precipitation can affect the soil moisture and soil suction profiles
Estudo das características de compressibilidade unidimensional e plasticidade de misturas de argila e areia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-12-20) Cunha, Camila Loss dos Santos; Orientador1; Pires, Patrício José Moreira; Dantas, Bruno Teixeira; Oliveira Filho, Waldyr Lopes de; Bertoldi, Adelmo Inácio
Most theories in geotechnical engineering have been proposed and are applied to pure clay and clean sand and not deal with problems involving soil mixtures. However, due to variability of soil found in nature, there is essential for more knowledge of geotechnical properties of mixtures of clay and sand. This study collected published research about geotechnical behavior of mixtures of clay and sand to evaluate experimental results using the normalization proposed by Castello and Polido (1994). These equations quantify the influence of sandy fractions in plasticity and one-dimensional compressibility of clay and sand mixtures with different fractions on the total mass of the dry mixture. And, these equations have been proposed for clays with "same sandy", where compression occurs exclusively in the clay matrix, in a practically uniform and without stress concentration. The results of onecompression dimensional tests, molded into samples in the laboratory for different mixtures of clay and sand, evaluated in this study, indicates a linear relationship between the values of index compression primary and the fraction of fines in mixtures with clay and sand in percentages over 20% clay. The same tendency was observed in the variation of the Atterberg limits with the fraction of fines in different mixtures of clay and sand, since these index properties are correlated with the compressibility of the fines soil. In this case, the identification clays with "same sandy" are valid and the sandy fraction can be considered inert in the mixture of clay and sand. Is also studied in this work, the correlations published in the literature of values of Atterberg limits and the relative values of index compression primary to different mixtures of clayey soils.
Incidências de manifestações patológicas causadas por construções nas edificações vizinhas no município de Vitória - ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-12-21) Pinho, Giusilene Costa de Souza; Oliveira, Marcel Olivier Ferreira de; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Barcelos, Fabrício Broseghini
The population growth of cities results in the use and occupation of intensive urban space, thus causing large high density. During construction or reconstruction of buildings, especially works of multiple floors, complaints occur from owners of neighboring buildings, who are hit by the effects work nearby. These occurrences can turn into pathological manifestations in pre-existing surrounding buildings. The purpose of this study is to detect the incidence of injuries and pathologies through a survey of cases with reports of inspections in Vitória - ES, as well as conducting qualitative and quantitative study of diseases manifested in these buildings, resulting in constructions surrounding. It is characterized as having the document research method as incidence methodology. The results presented are: four neighborhoods, Jardim da Penha, Jardim Camburi, Praia do Canto and Santa Luiza, totaling 56.67% of the total cases studied; the year with the highest number of reports was 2007; the nature of the buildings affected, 49.09% are single family; the nature of the works causing, 58.55% are multifamily buildings; the legality of causing works, 66.66% were licensed by the Municipality; the type of pathological manifestation, which presented a higher rate was the fissure, with 47.97% of the cases researched; pathologies surveyed, 68.46% came during the foundation; the foundation phase which generated higher incidence of diseases was the period of stakes insertion, with 31.57% of cases. It is concluded that the laws must be improved to prevent or even, at first, to minimize these occurrences.
Estratégias de adaptação do incremento de tempo na integração numérica em análise dinâmica de estruturas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-03-22) Rossi, Diogo Folador; Ferreira, Walnório Graça; Calenzani, Adenilcia Fernanda Grobério; Mansur, Webe João
This work presents methods of automatic adaptive time increment used in numerical step-by-step integration analyses of structural systems, in time domain, for single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures. The main purpose was to compare the different strategies performances. Initially, the major processes formulations adopted in the numerical solution of dynamic equilibrium equations were shown for single-degree-of-freedom systems, focusing on the Newmark family of integration methods, discussing about its various aspects. Later, the problem of multi-degree-of-freedom systems was discussed, by describing the structural matrix formulations, considering viscous and proportional structural damping, and generalizing the numerical solution of dynamic equations. Then, it is described a computational program that apply the developed theory on plane frame structures analysis, which was built in the programing software Matlab. The adaptive strategies of time increment are then analyzed, having three major algorithms been chosen to be addressed in the implementation, among the various others available, because they are based on three different concepts. Finally, several numerical examples are presented, on which the performances of the different adaptive strategies are compared, and improvements and guidelines for application are suggested
Estudo de roteirização de veículos com apoio de um sistema de informações geográficas: contribuição para o transporte urbano de empregados por uma frota de ônibus fretada
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-05-22) Salles, Rosemberg Silva; Morais Neto, Gregório Coelho de; Cruz, Marta Monteiro da Costa; Nassi, Carlos David
This work aims to develop a procedure for collecting and physical distribution of employees by a fleet of chartered buses with the support of a geographic information system by applying the vehicle routing problem for possible optimization of routes. We begin with a review of the literature on chartered transport of employees, as well as the problems of vehicle routing and geographic information systems. Then we propose a routing procedure, which characterizes and defines the problem of collection and delivery of employees, in addition to defining the criteria for route ptimization. For this purpose, we use the software TransCAD where you do the modeling and the resolution of the problem. The procedure was applied to a case study in a large company in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória in Espírito Santo State, which provides transport their own to their employees. We generated four scenarios, analyzing the efficiency of the routes in terms of distances, travel times and operating costs. The results generated from the procedure allowed us to determine in what scenarios the routes are more efficient.
Aplicação da NR-18 em canteiros de obra: percepções e estudos de campo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-05-28) Sant'Anna Junior, Rubens; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Oliveira, Marcel Olivier Ferreira de; Barcelos, Fabrício Broseghini
The regulatory norm 18 (NR-18), entitled Conditions and work environment in the construction industry, is the reference to be followed for the national construction companies provide adequate conditions of hygiene and safety in construction sites and for extension, not punished by federal labor inspection. Civil construction is an industry with a high risk of accidents, whose occurrence continues to cause harm to the worker, the company and the government and it becomes important to evaluate the adequacy of the norm to this situation. This research aimed to identify the main difficulties found in attendance the NR-18 by construction companies of Buildings subsector, located in the metropolitan region of Vitória, the capital of Espírito Santo, in a study motivated by lack of information about it. It was applied the method of field research in four construction companies, using a checklist of compliance with NR-18 in a construction site by company. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs, engineers and technicians work safety of the visited companies to know their perceptions and attitudes about work safety and compliance with NR-18. The results indicated the norm items with most difficult to be complied by companies; verifying that the causes of failure are more of a managerial nature and culture of the workers than the rigor of the requirements contained in the norm; that the four companies surveyed have obtained high grades of compliance with NR-18, which are higher than the average grades achieved by peer companies located in other Brazilian cities and proposed suggestions for reducing the causes of noncompliance of the norm. It can be concluded that although it needs adjustments for unforeseen situations and review the text to avoid some words causing differing interpretations, the norm has good applicability and is an important instrument in favor of work safety in the construction industry.
Geração de viagens em condomínios residenciais multifamiliares de classe média na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-06-17) Ferreira, Pietro Rafael; Bertolde, Adelmo Inácio; Morais Neto, Gregório Coelho de; Cardoso, Patricia Alcântara; Campos, Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa
This study deals with the data, methodology and resources for obtaining equations that describe the trip generation for Middle Class Multifamiliar Residential Condominiums in Metropolitan Region of Grande Vitória. The study starts from the hypothesis that the middle class residential condominiums in the Metropolitan Region of Grande Vitória generates trips according the same pattern in their cities, in a way that we can establish a statistical model based on both characteristics raised in the field and in secondary data. The equations were defined by multiple linear regressions of variables chosen according to the explanation factor of the model and its ease of obtaining. The number of trips, resulting from the use of the equations obtained was compared with results from consecrated international methodologies. Thus, it was concluded that the trip generation equations obtained for residential condominiums of more than 100 units are presented as best fit model than the international equations for the kind of venture analyzed within the studied region. The equations resulting from this study can be used to quantify travel to any multifamily residential condominium studied in the region that has more than 100 units, besides contributing to the formation of a reliable database for the Brazilian scientific community, can be used in future studies of the area and encouraging work of the same nature in other regions.
Cenários climáticos futuros: diagnóstico prospectivo do desempenho termoenergético de edifícios comerciais no Brasil para o século XXI
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-07-19) Casagrande, Bruna Gomes; Alvarez, Cristina Engel de; Simões, Jefferson Cardia; Vargas, Paulo Sergio de Paula; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo
At the same time that programs were developed in Brazil with the goal of the national energy system rationalization, mainly motivated by the crisis faced by the country as in the rationing of 2001 studies of the climate s behavior on a global scale showed significant advances, facilitated by technological and computational development. One of the strategies for containment the waste energy produced is the energy consumption by buildings, since the adoption of appropriate constructive systems can reduce the final electricity consumption. This was a principle of bioclimatic architecture, which recommends an adaptation of the building to the local climate conditions, and for that, it is essential to understand the climate system. Therefore, the principle that guided the development of this research was the variable behavior of the climate, which is consensus for most climatologists, and its consequences for the future energy demands of buildings, particularly along the planned life cycle for each building. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of projected changes to the climate over the twenty-first century in the thermo energetic performance of commercial buildings artificially acclimatized located in different cities of Brazil. The methodological procedures were divided into four stages, initiating with an extensive literature review on the central theme climate change as well as related topics, with special emphasis on the relationship between thermal comfort and energy issue. In the second step mechanisms for preparing future climate files were established, including the selection of cities for representation of different geo-climatic conditions of the Brazilian territory. After that the definition of the object was performed, indicating the control parameters and variables in the analysis, assigning the characteristics of the building that will not be affected by future interventions window wall ratio, solar shading and orientation of the largest facades. The final step was dedicated to the simulations, performed in the program DesignBuilder from the configuration of the 192 parametric models. The results of applying the methodology, analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, reproduced in generalized way an increase in energy consumption in buildings by 10.7% in 2020, 16.9% in 2050 and 25.6% in 2080, compared to current consumption. Although the significance of this increase, including the national energy planning, most significant increases were recorded in international studies, reinforcing the need for consideration of regional climate events in the preparation of future climate data in this type of research. In Recife, the variation of constructive parameters did not cause as significant differences in the rates of increase in consumption as the other five locations, and Brasilia had the highest rates of increase. Considering the buildings of all the cities, the presence of solar shading was the variable with the greatest impact on reducing energy consumption, and the building oriented east and west, with large unprotected openings, showed energy consumption significantly superior to other models, in all cities and periods. Finally, unlike most of monthly results observed, in Porto Alegre occurred a decrease in energy consumption in some months of 2020 and 2050, possibly caused by the reduction in time use of artificial air conditioning heating.
Engenharia simultânea em construtoras-incorporadoras: uma análise de maturidade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-07-29) Pretti, Soraya Mattos; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Cardoso, Patricia Alcântara; Grilo, Leonardo Melhorato; Barcelos, Fabrício Broseghini
The civil construction sector has a great impact in Brazilian development and in the last years this important industry has been suffering with external pressures that demand products with less delivery time, less costs and higher quality. To solve these questions, approaches from other sectors have been used, as the case of concurrent engineering. Although the knowledge that concurrent engineering can be used to construction improvement, it is still unknown if companies are currently using it in their projects, how it is used and if there are means to improve this practice in their environment. Therefore, this is a qualitative research which aims to analyze these questions from the results of concurrent engineering readiness assessment of the companies. Thus, ten case studies were conducted in construction companies from Great Vitória’s region – Espírito Santo, where a new methodology of readiness assessment adapted for the local reality based on the five characteristics elements of concurrent engineering, anticipation of phase and decisions, simultaneity, multidisciplinary teams, stakeholders’ integration and quality search and insertion, was applied. The methodology was based in structured and semistrucured interviews done with the aid of forms and documentary analysis. The results find that the companies have, in general, a good readiness assessment level, classified as managed, presenting a known and characterized process, with stakeholders’ integration being their less developed factor and quality search and insertion as their most developed. This research contributes for better comprehension of the sector, as it characterizes the companies concerning their concurrent engineering readiness assessment. Likewise, it seeks to improve construction companies when it identifies the weaknesses which prevent the concurrent development of their process and proposes solutions for these problems.
Estudo do impacto da ampliação de berço e de área de pátio no aumento da capacidade operacional de uma base de apoio offshore
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-30) Aguiar, Renato Armani; Rosa, Rodrigo de Alvarenga; Bertolde, Adelmo Inácio; Carneiro, Teresa Cristina Janes
In the global competitive landscape ports have always played a prominent role, acting as a driving element for the development of enterprises and regions where they are inserted. In this context also includes the logistics offshore ports who provide support services to maritime units (platforms and rigs), acting as a link in the supply chain logistics of oil and gas. In turn, the port sector in Brazil has undergone a long period without investments in infrastructure begins to show the negative marks that time, with the growth in demand for support services, companies have suffered from the lack of bases port. Therefore, investment in infrastructure is presented as a solution for this late problem and announced that emerges as crucial to avoid a blackout offshore logistics. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact of infrastructure expansion in the performance indicators used in a terminal offshore support. Seeking to respond to the proposed objective, was used the simulation tool in order to study the best option for the investor is to invest resources in berths or increasing the patio area. The results show that although the common sense indicate that the increase in operating capacity increases cots, in this case the increase in area for the terminal analysis showed better operating results, and the best option for investment in infrastructure.
Restrições de processos construtivos de edifícios: uma abordagem a partir das percepções de engenheiros de obras
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-10-17) Tosta, Joice Paiva; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da; Oliveira, Marcel Olivier Ferreira de; Có, Fábio Almeida; Silva, Alexandre Tadeu Santos Pereira
A growing problem in the construction industry are project delays and their costs. The lack of Production Planning and Control (PPC) is one of the reasons of this problem. A stage of PCP based on the Lean philosophy principles consists in performing a previous analysis of constraints as a way of reducing uncertainly degree, work delay and costs generated by these. The Last Planner System™ (LPS™) confirms the importance of this analysis and is increasingly being applied to projects that have a solid construction planning sector. This research describes constraints constructive processes in stages of construction buildings from the civil engineers perceptions. This research has a qualitative character and a descriptive nature. It was identified that constraints have different origins and relate primarily to: processes, manpower, designs, materials, machinery and equipment, suppliers, fluxes, productivity, management, planning, technological innovations, motivational issues, climatic conditions, among others observed during the survey. These constraints are observed by most engineers, however, constraints are not used in a formal planning and management. Additionally, there are difficulties in the implementation of new management concepts and management tools because of an existent cultural paradigm.

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